Introduction to Chemistry: Matter and Composition
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of chemistry?

  • The study of the Earth's structure and composition
  • The study of energy and its transformations
  • The study of living organisms and their processes
  • The study of matter and its properties (correct)

Which of the following is a characteristic of matter?

  • It has mass and takes up space (correct)
  • It has no mass
  • It does not occupy space
  • It exists only as a solid

What type of change does NOT alter the identity of a substance?

  • Nuclear change
  • Ionic change
  • Chemical change
  • Physical change (correct)

Which of the following is the simplest form of matter and cannot be broken down further by chemical means?

<p>Element (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a substance composed of two or more elements chemically combined?

<p>Compound (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a combination of two or more substances that are physically combined called?

<p>Mixture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the basic building blocks of matter?

<p>Atoms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the study of quantitative relationships in chemical reactions called?

<p>Stoichiometry (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the SI unit for the amount of a substance?

<p>Mole (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the mass of one mole of a substance?

<p>Molar mass (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which reactant is completely consumed in a chemical reaction?

<p>Limiting reactant (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ratio of actual yield to theoretical yield, expressed as a percentage, called?

<p>Percent yield (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a substance as an acid?

<p>Donates protons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What value on the pH scale indicates a neutral solution?

<p>7 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of acid completely dissociates in water?

<p>Strong acid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary element studied in organic chemistry?

<p>Carbon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of organic compound contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms?

<p>Hydrocarbon (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes molecules with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas?

<p>Isomers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the first law of thermodynamics state?

<p>Energy is conserved. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes a reaction that releases heat?

<p>Exothermic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect do catalysts have on reaction rates?

<p>Speed them up (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the state called when the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal?

<p>Equilibrium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances called?

<p>Solution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Chemistry

The study of matter, its properties, and how it changes.

Matter

Anything that has mass and occupies space.

Element

Simplest form of matter; cannot be broken down chemically.

Compound

Two or more elements chemically combined in fixed proportions.

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Mixture

Combinations of substances physically combined, not chemically.

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Atom

Basic building blocks of matter; contains protons, neutrons, and electrons.

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Molecule

Two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.

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Chemical Reaction

Rearrangement of atoms and molecules.

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Mole

The SI unit for the amount of a substance.

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Molar mass

The mass of one mole of a substance.

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Limiting reactant

Reactant completely consumed in a reaction, limiting product formation.

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Acids

Substances that donate protons (H+) or accept electrons.

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Bases

Substances that accept protons or donate electrons.

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pH scale

Scale measuring acidity/basicity of a solution.

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Organic chemistry

Study of carbon-containing compounds.

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Functional groups

Specific atoms in molecules causing characteristic chemical reactions

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Hydrocarbons

Organic compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen.

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Thermodynamics

Study of energy and its transformations.

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Entropy

Measure of disorder or randomness in a system.

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Kinetics

Study of reaction rates and mechanisms.

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Chemical equilibrium

State where forward and reverse reaction rates are equal.

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Solution

Homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.

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Nuclear chemistry

Study of atomic nuclei properties and reactions.

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Study Notes

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Description

Explore the fundamentals of chemistry with an introduction to matter, its states, and the differences between physical and chemical changes. Learn about elements, atomic numbers, the periodic table, and how compounds are formed from elements. Understand how compounds differ from their constituent elements.

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