Introduction to Chemistry
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Questions and Answers

Which branch of chemistry is most directly involved in studying the metabolic pathways within a human cell?

  • Analytical chemistry
  • Biochemistry (correct)
  • Organic chemistry
  • Inorganic chemistry

Consider a sealed container holding a gas. If the temperature of the gas is increased, causing it to ionize, into what state of matter will the gas transition?

  • Solid
  • Plasma (correct)
  • A mixture of gas and liquid
  • Liquid

A chemist is tasked with identifying an unknown liquid. Which of the following properties would be classified as a chemical property?

  • Density
  • Reactivity with acid (correct)
  • Color
  • Boiling point

Which process is an example of a physical change?

<p>Melting ice (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A solution of salt water is best classified as which type of mixture?

<p>Homogeneous mixture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

To separate a mixture of sand and salt, which sequence of separation techniques would be most effective?

<p>Filtration, then evaporation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which substance is an element?

<p>Oxygen ($O_2$) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of a compound, but not of a mixture?

<p>Consists of elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Element X has an atomic number of 16. Which statement is correct regarding element X?

<p>Atoms of element X have 16 protons in their nucleus. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Two isotopes of the same element will always have the same number of which subatomic particle?

<p>Protons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following chemical formulas is most likely to be an empirical formula?

<p>CH4 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the reaction $2H_2(g) + O_2(g) \rightarrow 2H_2O(g)$, if 4 grams of $H_2$ react completely, how many grams of $O_2$ are required? (Molar mass: $H_2$ = 2 g/mol, $O_2$ = 32 g/mol)

<p>32 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements correctly describes what happens during oxidation?

<p>A substance loses electrons and its oxidation number increases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a catalyst in a chemical reaction?

<p>It increases the rate of the reaction by lowering the activation energy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For the reversible reaction $A + B \rightleftharpoons C$, what will happen if more of reactant A is added to the system at equilibrium?

<p>The equilibrium will shift towards the products. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true for an endothermic reaction?

<p>Heat is absorbed, and the enthalpy change (ΔH) is positive. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A solution has a pH of 3. Which of the following statements is true about the solution?

<p>It is an acidic solution. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consider the reaction $N_2(g) + 3H_2(g) \rightleftharpoons 2NH_3(g)$. Under which conditions would the production of $NH_3$ (ammonia) be favored?

<p>Low temperature and high pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Chemistry

The study of matter, its properties, and how it changes.

Matter

Anything that has mass and takes up space (volume).

Solid (state of matter)

Has a definite shape and volume; particles are tightly packed.

Liquid (state of matter)

Has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container; particles can move around each other.

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Gas (state of matter)

Has no definite shape or volume; particles are widely separated and move randomly.

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Physical Property

Characteristic observed without changing the substance's identity.

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Chemical Property

Ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change.

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Element

Substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.

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Atom

Smallest unit of an element that retains its chemical properties.

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Atomic Number (Z)

Number of protons in an atom's nucleus; defines the element.

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Isotopes

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.

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Ion

Atom or molecule with an electrical charge due to loss or gain of electrons.

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Molecule

Two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.

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Covalent Bond

Bond formed by sharing electrons between atoms.

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Chemical Formula

Represents a compound's composition using symbols and subscripts.

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Chemical Reaction

Process involving rearrangement of atoms/molecules to form new substances.

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Balancing Chemical Equations

Ensuring the number of atoms of each element is equal on both sides of a chemical equation.

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Stoichiometry

Study of quantitative relationships in chemical reactions.

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Study Notes

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Description

Chemistry is the study of matter, its properties, and changes. It's the 'central science,' linking physics, biology, and environmental science. Key branches include organic, inorganic, biochemistry, analytical, and physical chemistry.

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