Introduction to Chemistry

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes the conditions under which Boyle's Law is applicable?

Constant temperature and number of moles. (correct)
Constant pressure and number of moles.
Constant temperature and pressure.
Constant volume and number of moles.

According to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, the entropy of an isolated system tends to decrease over time.

False (B)

What is the key difference between molality and molarity in the context of solutions?

Molality is moles of solute per kilogram of solvent, while molarity is moles of solute per liter of solution.

According to Le Chatelier's Principle, if the temperature of an equilibrium system is increased, the system will shift to ______ the stress.

relieve Signup and view all the answers

Match each gas law with its correct mathematical expression:

Boyle's Law = $P_1V_1 = P_2V_2$ Charles's Law = $\frac{V_1}{T_1} = \frac{V_2}{T_2}$ Avogadro's Law = $\frac{V_1}{n_1} = \frac{V_2}{n_2}$ Ideal Gas Law = $PV = nRT$ Signup and view all the answers

In an electrochemical cell, which process occurs at the anode?

Oxidation (C) Signup and view all the answers

A catalyst increases the activation energy of a reaction, thereby speeding up the reaction rate.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Define what is meant by the term 'colligative properties' and give two examples.

Colligative properties are properties of solutions that depend on the concentration of solute particles, not on the nature of the solute. Examples include boiling point elevation and freezing point depression. Signup and view all the answers

The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with values less than 7 indicating a(n) ______ solution.

acidic Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions indicates a spontaneous reaction?

$\Delta G < 0$ (C) Signup and view all the answers

In a redox reaction, the substance that loses electrons is said to be reduced.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Explain the difference between a voltaic cell and an electrolytic cell.

A voltaic cell produces electrical energy from spontaneous redox reactions, whereas an electrolytic cell uses electrical energy to drive non-spontaneous redox reactions. Signup and view all the answers

The rate law expresses the relationship between the rate of a reaction and the ______ of the reactants.

concentrations Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors does NOT affect the solubility of a solute in a solvent?

Volume of the solution (B) Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their correct definitions:

Solute = The substance that is dissolved. Solvent = The substance that dissolves the solute. Solution = A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. Concentration = The amount of solute present in a given amount of solvent or solution. Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is matter?

Anything that has mass and takes up space.

What are atoms?

The basic building blocks of matter.