Electrochemistry
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Questions and Answers

What is the central science that provides a foundation for understanding basic and applied scientific disciplines?

  • Physics
  • Biology
  • Geology
  • Chemistry (correct)

    • Which scientific study focuses on the properties and behavior of matter, the chemical elements, and compounds made of atoms, molecules, and ions?

  • Chemistry (correct)
  • Geology
  • Physics
  • Biology

    • What field of study explains aspects of plant growth, formation of igneous rocks, and properties of the soil on the moon?

  • Botany
  • Cosmochemistry
  • Chemistry (correct)
  • Geology

    • Which discipline focuses on understanding how medications work and how environmental pollutants are degraded?

    <p>Pharmacology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nature of chemical bonds in chemical compounds addressed by?

    <p>Chemistry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scientific discipline involves the collection of DNA evidence at a crime scene?

    <p>Forensics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the word 'chemistry'?

    <p>Derived from the Ancient Greek word χημία</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the current model of atomic structure?

    <p>Quantum mechanical model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a state in which matter can be studied in chemistry?

    <p>Metallic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basis of a chemical transformation?

    <p>Rearrangement of electrons in the chemical bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is symbolically used to depict a chemical transformation?

    <p>Chemical equation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which are the basic rules that constrain the type of chemical reactions and energy changes in chemistry?

    <p>Chemical laws</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What considerations are invariably important in almost all chemical studies?

    <p>Energy and entropy considerations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are chemical substances classified?

    <p>In terms of their structure, phase, and chemical compositions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is symbolically shown to be equal on both sides in a chemical equation?

    <p>$H_2O$ molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Alchemy' is often associated with the quest to turn which metal into gold?

    <p>$Au$ (Gold)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a coordination complex?

    <p>A chemical compound consisting of a central atom or ion and a surrounding array of bound molecules or ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the donor atom in a typical complex?

    <p>The atom within a ligand that is bonded to the central metal atom or ion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a polydentate ligand in a coordination complex?

    <p>A ligand that bonds to the central atom through several of the ligand's atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is chelation in the context of coordination complexes?

    <p>The formation of chelate complexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the coordination sphere comprise in a coordination complex?

    <p>The central metal atom or ion and all ligands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are chelate complexes in coordination chemistry?

    <p>Complexes where a polydentate ligand bonds to the central atom through several of the ligand's atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to refer to the number of donor atoms attached to the central atom or ion?

    <p>Coordination number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of ligand offers two pairs of electrons?

    <p>Bidentate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common coordination number in coordination chemistry?

    <p>6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory proposed that ammonia molecules compensated for the charge of the ion by forming chains in metal amine complexes?

    <p>Blomstrand theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for a species formed between a central metal ion and one or more surrounding ligands, molecules, or ions that contain at least one lone pair of electrons?

    <p>Complexation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the oxidation state and coordination number reflect in a complex ion?

    <p>Number of bonds formed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of bond is formed when an atom or group offers a pair of electrons to two similar or different central metal atoms or acceptors?

    <p><strong>$eta$-bond</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did early well-known coordination complexes include?

    <p>Dyes like Prussian blue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The hydrated ion is a type of complex ion formed between a central metal ion and surrounding ligands that contain at least one ____________?

    <p>Lone pair of electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Foundation of Science

    • Chemistry is the central science that provides a foundation for understanding basic and applied scientific disciplines.

    Definition of Chemistry

    • Chemistry is the scientific study of the properties and behavior of matter, chemical elements, and compounds made of atoms, molecules, and ions.

    Branches of Chemistry

    • Geochemistry explains aspects of plant growth, formation of igneous rocks, and properties of the soil on the moon.
    • Medicinal chemistry focuses on understanding how medications work and how environmental pollutants are degraded.

    Atomic Structure

    • The current model of atomic structure addresses the nature of chemical bonds in chemical compounds.

    Forensic Science

    • Forensic chemistry involves the collection of DNA evidence at a crime scene.

    Etymology

    • The origin of the word 'chemistry' comes from the term 'alchemy'.

    Chemical Transformations

    • The basis of a chemical transformation is the change in the chemical bonds between atoms.
    • Chemical equations symbolically depict a chemical transformation, with the reactants on the left and products on the right, showing that matter is conserved.
    • The laws of thermodynamics constrain the type of chemical reactions and energy changes in chemistry.

    Classification of Substances

    • Chemical substances are classified based on their properties and composition.

    Coordination Chemistry

    • A coordination complex is a species formed between a central metal ion and one or more surrounding ligands, molecules, or ions that contain at least one lone pair of electrons.
    • The donor atom in a typical complex is the atom that donates a pair of electrons to the central metal ion.
    • A polydentate ligand in a coordination complex is a ligand that can attach to the central metal ion through more than one donor atom.
    • Chelation in coordination complexes refers to the process of a ligand attaching to the central metal ion through more than one donor atom.
    • The coordination sphere comprises the central metal ion and the ligands attached to it.
    • Chelate complexes in coordination chemistry are complexes that contain polydentate ligands.
    • The term used to refer to the number of donor atoms attached to the central atom or ion is the denticity.
    • A bidentate ligand is a type of ligand that offers two pairs of electrons.
    • The most common coordination number in coordination chemistry is 6.
    • The theory that proposed that ammonia molecules compensated for the charge of the ion by forming chains in metal amine complexes is the chain theory.
    • The oxidation state and coordination number of a complex ion reflect the overall charge and number of ligands attached to the central metal ion.
    • A synergic bond is a type of bond formed when an atom or group offers a pair of electrons to two similar or different central metal atoms or acceptors.
    • Early well-known coordination complexes included metal amine complexes and metal cyanide complexes.
    • The hydrated ion is a type of complex ion formed between a central metal ion and surrounding ligands that contain at least one water molecule.

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    Test your knowledge of the basic principles and concepts of chemistry with this introductory quiz. Explore the study of matter, chemical elements, compounds, atoms, molecules, ions, and chemical reactions.

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