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Questions and Answers
Which statement accurately defines chemistry?
Which statement accurately defines chemistry?
- The study of composition, structure, properties, and reactions of matter. (correct)
- The investigation of historical events and cultures.
- The study of the financial markets.
- The analysis of political systems and behaviors.
Which of the following is the BEST example of chemistry in everyday life?
Which of the following is the BEST example of chemistry in everyday life?
- Studying the migration patterns of birds.
- Cooking a meal, which involves chemical reactions. (correct)
- Planning a budget to manage personal finances.
- Writing software code for a new mobile application.
What characteristic defines a substance as a chemical?
What characteristic defines a substance as a chemical?
- It has the same composition and properties wherever it is found. (correct)
- It has a variable composition depending on its source.
- It is exclusively made of synthetic materials.
- It is only found in a laboratory setting.
Which of the following BEST describes the role of sorbitol in toothpaste?
Which of the following BEST describes the role of sorbitol in toothpaste?
What is the function of sodium lauryl sulfate in toothpaste?
What is the function of sodium lauryl sulfate in toothpaste?
In the context of the scientific method, what is the role of making observations?
In the context of the scientific method, what is the role of making observations?
How is a hypothesis BEST described in the scientific method?
How is a hypothesis BEST described in the scientific method?
What is the purpose of conducting experiments in the scientific method?
What is the purpose of conducting experiments in the scientific method?
In the scientific method, what does 'conclusion' refer to?
In the scientific method, what does 'conclusion' refer to?
If experimental results do NOT support a hypothesis, what is the NEXT step in the scientific method?
If experimental results do NOT support a hypothesis, what is the NEXT step in the scientific method?
If you observe that plants grow taller when given a certain fertilizer, which step of the scientific method have you completed?
If you observe that plants grow taller when given a certain fertilizer, which step of the scientific method have you completed?
After noticing that plants grow taller with a certain fertilizer, you suggest that the fertilizer causes increased growth. What step is this?
After noticing that plants grow taller with a certain fertilizer, you suggest that the fertilizer causes increased growth. What step is this?
What would be the NEXT logical step, according to the scientific method, after hypothesizing that a fertilizer increases plant growth?
What would be the NEXT logical step, according to the scientific method, after hypothesizing that a fertilizer increases plant growth?
What does the analysis of results provide in the scientific method?
What does the analysis of results provide in the scientific method?
In the number 5218, what is the place value of the digit 2?
In the number 5218, what is the place value of the digit 2?
In the number 6.407, what is the place value of the digit 7?
In the number 6.407, what is the place value of the digit 7?
What distinguishes a positive number from a negative number?
What distinguishes a positive number from a negative number?
According to mathematical rules, what is the result of multiplying two negative numbers?
According to mathematical rules, what is the result of multiplying two negative numbers?
What is the result of adding a positive number and a negative number?
What is the result of adding a positive number and a negative number?
Solve: $12 + (-15) = $
Solve: $12 + (-15) = $
Calculate: $2 \times (-3) = $
Calculate: $2 \times (-3) = $
Calculate: $\frac{6}{(-3)} = $
Calculate: $\frac{6}{(-3)} = $
If 8 out of 32 chemistry books are used in a class, what percentage of chemistry books are used?
If 8 out of 32 chemistry books are used in a class, what percentage of chemistry books are used?
What does rearranging equations allow you to determine?
What does rearranging equations allow you to determine?
Solve for $x$: $2x + 8 = 14$
Solve for $x$: $2x + 8 = 14$
Solve for $P_1$: $P_1V_1 = P_2V_2$
Solve for $P_1$: $P_1V_1 = P_2V_2$
What does a graph represent in scientific contexts?
What does a graph represent in scientific contexts?
What do the points on a graph typically represent?
What do the points on a graph typically represent?
A graph shows that as temperature increases, the volume of a gas also increases. What kind of relationship is this?
A graph shows that as temperature increases, the volume of a gas also increases. What kind of relationship is this?
What is the purpose of using scientific notation?
What is the purpose of using scientific notation?
You measure a virus to be 0.0000003 m in diameter. Express this in scientific notation.
You measure a virus to be 0.0000003 m in diameter. Express this in scientific notation.
What are the two parts of a number written in scientific notation?
What are the two parts of a number written in scientific notation?
How would you express 2400 in scientific notation?
How would you express 2400 in scientific notation?
What is the place value of the digit 2 in the number 0.925?
What is the place value of the digit 2 in the number 0.925?
A bullet is found at a crime scene with a composition of 13.9 g of lead, 0.3 g of tin, and 0.9 g of antimony. What is the percentage of lead in the bullet?
A bullet is found at a crime scene with a composition of 13.9 g of lead, 0.3 g of tin, and 0.9 g of antimony. What is the percentage of lead in the bullet?
Solve the following equation for $V_2$: $P_1V_1 = P_2V_2$
Solve the following equation for $V_2$: $P_1V_1 = P_2V_2$
Solve for $m$: $heat = m \times \Delta T \times SH$
Solve for $m$: $heat = m \times \Delta T \times SH$
Using the graph of body temperature vs. time after Tylenol was given, what is measured on the horizontal axis?
Using the graph of body temperature vs. time after Tylenol was given, what is measured on the horizontal axis?
How should the number 0.000016 be written in scientific notation?
How should the number 0.000016 be written in scientific notation?
Flashcards
What is Chemistry?
What is Chemistry?
The study of the composition, structure, properties, and reactions of matter.
What are Chemicals?
What are Chemicals?
Substances that have the same composition and properties wherever found.
What is the scientific method?
What is the scientific method?
A set of general principles that helps to describe how a scientist thinks.
What are hypothesis?
What are hypothesis?
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What is a positive number?
What is a positive number?
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What is a negative number?
What is a negative number?
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How to determine a percentage?
How to determine a percentage?
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What is a graph?
What is a graph?
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What is scientific notation?
What is scientific notation?
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Steps for writing scientific notation
Steps for writing scientific notation
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Study Notes
- Chemistry is the study of the composition, structure, properties, and reactions of matter
- Chemistry happens all around you every day
- Matter is another word for all substances that make up our world like:
- Antacid tablets
- Water
- Glass
- Air
- Chemicals are substances that have the same composition and properties wherever found
- Chemicals are often substances made by chemists that you use every day
- The following chemicals are commonly found in toothpaste:
Chemicals in Toothpaste
- Calcium carbonate is used as an abrasive to remove plaque
- Sorbitol Prevents loss of water and hardening of toothpaste
- Sodium lauryl sulfate is used to loosen plaque
- Titanium dioxide makes toothpaste white and opaque
- Triclosan inhibits bacteria that cause plaque and gum disease
- Sodium fluorophosphate prevents formation of cavities by strengthening tooth enamel with fluoride
- Methyl salicylate gives toothpaste a pleasant wintergreen flavor
Scientific Method
- The scientific method is a set of general principles describing how a scientist thinks
- The scientific method helps scientists to do the following:
- Make observations about nature and ask questions related to the observations made
- Propose a hypothesis, which states a possible explanation of the observations
- Perform several experiments to test the hypothesis
- Analyze experiment results and make a conclusion as to whether the hypothesis may be true or false
- The hypothesis is modified if the results of the experiments do not support it
Key Math Skills
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A graph represents the relationship between two variables
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The Y axis is the vertical axis
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The X axis is the horizontal axis
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For any number, identify the digit’s place value
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Identifying Place Values is a key math skill
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A positive number is any number that is greater than zero and has a positive sign (+)
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A negative number is any number that is less than zero and is written with a negative sign (-)
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The following should be considered when multiplying and dividing positive and negative numbers:
- When two positive numbers or two negative numbers are multiplied or divided, the answer is positive (+)
- When a positive number and a negative number are multiplied or divided, the answer is negative (-)
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The following should be considered when adding positive and negative numbers:
- When two positive numbers are added, the answer is positive
- When two negative numbers are added, the answer is negative
- When a positive number and a negative number are added, the smaller number is subtracted from the larger number and the result has the same sign as the larger number
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When subtracting two numbers, change the sign of the number to be subtracted and then follow the rules for addition
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Four keys are used for basic mathematical operations on your calculator
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The change sign key is used to change the sign
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Calculating Percentages is a key math skill
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To determine a percentage, divide the parts by the total (whole) and multiply by 100%
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Equations can be rearranged to solve for an unknown variable
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Solving Equations is a key math skill
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The following steps can be used to follow:
- Place all like items on one side
- Isolate the variable you need to solve for
- Check your answer
Scientific Notation
- Numbers written in scientific notation have two parts:
- Coefficient
- Power of 10
- Writing Numbers in Scientific Notation is a key math skill
- The steps to consider when writing a number in Scientific Notation:
- Move the decimal point to obtain a coefficient that is at least 1 but less than 10
- Express the number of places moved as a power of 10
- Write the product of the coefficient multiplied by the power of 10
- Numbers in scientific notation can be entered into a calculator using the EXP or EE key
- The calculator display shows a number between 1 and 10 followed by a space and the power of 10
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