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Questions and Answers
Which statement accurately describes prokaryotic cells?
Which statement accurately describes prokaryotic cells?
- They have a nucleus and multiple organelles.
- They are exclusively found in multicellular organisms.
- They are larger and more complex than eukaryotic cells.
- They lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. (correct)
What is the primary function of the mitochondria?
What is the primary function of the mitochondria?
- Storage of genetic information.
- Photosynthesis.
- Protein synthesis.
- ATP production through cellular respiration. (correct)
Which part of the cell is responsible for modifying and packaging proteins?
Which part of the cell is responsible for modifying and packaging proteins?
- Golgi Apparatus. (correct)
- Lysosomes.
- Ribosomes.
- Endoplasmic Reticulum.
During mitosis, which stage involves the separation of sister chromatids?
During mitosis, which stage involves the separation of sister chromatids?
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Which of the following correctly defines meiosis?
Which of the following correctly defines meiosis?
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What is the primary role of ribosomes in the cell?
What is the primary role of ribosomes in the cell?
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Which transport mechanism does NOT require energy input?
Which transport mechanism does NOT require energy input?
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What process converts light energy into chemical energy in plant cells?
What process converts light energy into chemical energy in plant cells?
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Study Notes
Prokaryotic Cells
- Lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles
- Have a simpler structure compared to eukaryotic cells
- Found in bacteria and archaea
Mitochondria
- Powerhouse of the cell
- Responsible for cellular respiration
- Produces ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the primary energy currency of cells
Golgi Apparatus
- Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins synthesized by ribosomes
- Acts like a post office, directing proteins to their final destination
Anaphase
- Stage of mitosis where sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell
- Ensures that each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes
Meiosis
- Cell division process that produces gametes (sex cells) with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell
- Essential for sexual reproduction and genetic diversity
Ribosomes
- Sites of protein synthesis
- Read messenger RNA (mRNA) and translate it into proteins
Passive Transport
- Movement of substances across cell membranes without requiring energy
- Driven by concentration gradients or pressure differences
Photosynthesis
- Process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose
- Occurs in chloroplasts and uses chlorophyll to capture sunlight
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