Introduction to Cell Biology
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Questions and Answers

What is the formula for resolution as mentioned?

  • resolution = n * sin q (correct)
  • resolution = n / sin q
  • resolution = n - sin q
  • resolution = n + sin q

    • Which of the following factors influences resolution according to the content?

  • Wavelength of light (correct)
  • Magnification power
  • Observer's distance
  • Lens diameter

    • At which condition do we reach the limit of resolution when examining two points close together?

  • When introduced in a phase contrast microscope
  • When their distance is less than 0.61λ (correct)
  • When they are observed under dark field microscopy
  • When their distance exceeds the wavelength

    • What is the numerical aperture (NA) in air with n=1 at an angle of 60 degrees and wavelength of 390nm?

    <p>0.61</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which microscope type is not primarily associated with modified light paths for improving resolution?

    <p>Electron microscope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of fluorescence microscopy compared to traditional light microscopy?

    <p>It provides better resolution for observing subcellular structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one limitation of light microscopy that electron microscopy can overcome?

    <p>Resolution of smaller organelles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique allows for the isolation of specific cells from tissues?

    <p>Cell culture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What year was the term 'microscope' coined, and by whom?

    <p>1625, by Giovanni Faber.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of light microscopy?

    <p>Typically requires vacuum conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using fluorescent labels in microscopy?

    <p>To enhance detection of specific cellular components.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following types of microscopy provides a three-dimensional view of the specimen?

    <p>Scanning electron microscopy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the conventional resolution limit of a light microscope generally accepted to be?

    <p>200 nanometers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fluorescent dye is specifically used to detect DNA?

    <p>DAPI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common application of GFP (green fluorescent protein)?

    <p>Identifying protein-protein interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following fluorescently labeled antibodies is NOT mentioned?

    <p>Texas Red</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily differentiates CFP from GFP?

    <p>Emission color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are secondary antibodies used in fluorescent microscopy?

    <p>To amplify the signal of the primary antibody</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When using multiple fluorescent probes, what is an important consideration?

    <p>Each probe should emit in a distinct wavelength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the acronym DAPI stand for?

    <p>4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a fluorescent protein?

    <p>Cy3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of primary cultures?

    <p>They are directly obtained from living tissue and exhibit a limited lifespan.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do cells require a solid surface to grow and divide in vitro?

    <p>They need a surface to adhere for optimal growth conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is replicative cell senescence primarily caused by?

    <p>Accumulation of irreversible DNA damage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell line is commonly used for research and why?

    <p>HeLa cells due to their immortal nature and ease of cultivation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one major application of hybridoma technology?

    <p>Producing monoclonal antibodies for therapeutic use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism by which FACS isolates specific cell types from a tissue?

    <p>Fluorescent labeling and sorting based on surface markers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the resolution capability of the Scanning Transmission Electron Holographic Microscope (STEHM)?

    <p>40 pm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which microscopy technique is best suited for visualizing the surface of a sample?

    <p>Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does light microscopy facilitate the observation of cellular activity?

    <p>By allowing for live-cell imaging with minimal preparation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one potential application of isolating specific cell types?

    <p>To develop cell cultures for therapeutic uses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a method mentioned for isolating specific cell types from tissues?

    <p>Fluorescence microscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the resolution capabilities of the STEHM from traditional electron microscopes?

    <p>It incorporates computer tomography for enhanced imaging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of actin filaments contributes to their structural role in cells?

    <p>Helical arrangement of actin monomers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Cell Biology

    • Membrane structure, cell communication, cytoskeleton, and transport mechanisms are critical to understanding cell biology.
    • Electrical properties of membranes facilitate membrane transport of small molecules.
    • Intracellular compartments play significant roles in sorting proteins and vesicular traffic.

    Visualization Techniques

    • Light microscopes utilize various methods, including:
      • Bright field microscopy
      • Dark field microscopy
      • Phase contrast microscopy
    • Fluorescence microscopy employs fluorescent labels such as DAPI and FITC to visualize specific structures.
    • Electron microscopy types include:
      • Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
      • Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
      • Scanning Transmission Electron Holographic Microscopy (STEHM), capable of atomic-level resolution.

    Isolation of Cells

    • Techniques for isolating cells include:
      • FACS (Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting) provides rapid sorting of cells based on fluorescent markers.
      • Laser capture microdissection targets specific cells from tissues for analysis.
    • Cell cultures are foundational in studying cellular behavior; common human cell line includes HeLa cells derived from Henrietta Lacks.

    Historical Context

    • 13th century: Spectacles invented for vision correction.
    • Janssen's first compound microscope developed in 1590; Faber coined "microscope" in 1625.
    • Zeiss and Abbe advanced commercial microscopes in the 19th century.

    Microscopy Principles

    • Conventional resolution limit of light microscopy is around 200 nm due to optical diffraction effects.
    • Resolution depends on numerical aperture and light properties, allowing visibility of cellular structures.

    Fluorescent Probes

    • Fluorescent dyes (e.g., Hoechst, rhodamine) detect specific molecules.
    • Genetic variants of fluorescent proteins (e.g., GFP) enable visualization of cellular processes and structures in living cells.

    Advanced Microscopy

    • Electron microscopy provides high-resolution imaging of intracellular organization and surfaces.
    • STEHM offers unprecedented resolution, allowing observation of structures at atomic levels.

    Applications of Cell Biology

    • Studying the cell cycle, apoptosis, and signaling pathways is essential for understanding growth, development, and disease.
    • Transgenic organisms and cell cultures enhance research capabilities in molecular biology and genetics.

    Final Notes

    • The ongoing evolution of microscopy techniques underlines the importance of advancing our understanding of cellular structures and functions.
    • Understanding the isolation of specific cell types contributes significantly to research in fields like cancer biology and regenerative medicine.

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    Topic 2: Working with Cells - F2024 - PDF

    Description

    Explore the fascinating world of cell biology, focusing on key concepts such as membrane structure, cell communication, and the cytoskeleton. This quiz will challenge your understanding of cell visualization, isolation, and manipulation as well as transport mechanisms and the cell cycle. Engage in learning through interactive lectures recorded with Echo360.

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