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Questions and Answers
What are the three types of identifiers in C?
All uppercase letters in C are strictly reserved for constant naming.
False
What is a reserved word in C?
A word that is predefined by the programming language for a special purpose.
What function is commonly used to take input from the user in C?
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The function to format data and send it to the display device is called ______.
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C is a case-insensitive programming language.
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What type of whitespace does C ignore?
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What are comments used for in C programming?
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Which of the following is a common programming error in C?
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A function name in C must be followed by ______.
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What does standard library in C consist of?
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Study Notes
Introduction to C Programming
- C is a broadly used programming language, providing a wide range of functions for various purposes.
- The C standard library offers 15 header files, containing a comprehensive set of functions.
- C has three types of identifiers:
- Reserved words: predefined words used for specific purposes in the language.
- Standard identifiers: predefined words in C, often function names from the standard library.
- Programmer-created identifiers: names chosen by programmers for variables and functions, subject to C's naming rules.
- C is a case-sensitive language, so
TOTALandtotalare distinct identifiers.
Identifier Rules
- Programmer-created identifiers can be any combination of letters, digits, and underscores (_).
- First character must be a letter or underscore.
- Identifiers cannot be reserved words.
- Blank spaces are not allowed.
- All uppercase letters are used to indicate a constant.
- Function names should be followed by parentheses.
- Descriptive identifiers should be used, like
degToRadians(), rather than vague names likeeasy,duh, orjustDoIt.
The main() Function
- The
main()function is essential to a C program, often referred to as the driver function. - The program execution begins at the start of the
main()function. - The end of the
main()function marks the end of the program.
Simple Input/Output Operations
- Input refers to any data entered into a program.
- The
scanf()function reads formatted input from the standard input, such as keyboards. -
scanf()has the formatscanf("%d", &variable);. - The
printf()function is used to format and send data to the standard system display, such as a monitor. - Passing data to a function is known as passing arguments.
- Messages within
printf()are called strings, which are enclosed within double quotes, like"Hello, world!". - The
printf()function has the formatprintf("Hello there world!");. - Comments are denoted by
/and*symbols and do not affect program execution.
Programming Style: Indentation
- C ignores white space, except for strings, reserved words, and function names.
- This refers to any combination of spaces, tabs, or new lines.
- Indentation is crucial for readability and organization.
- Function names are placed on their own lines, with opening and closing braces aligned on their own lines as well.
- Program statements are indented two spaces within a function.
- Consistent indentation makes code easier to read and understand.
Programming Style: Comments
- Comments are important for explaining a program's functionality and clarification.
- They do not impact program execution.
- Comments can appear anywhere in a program.
- Comments cannot be nested, so
/* invalid */is not valid.
Common Programming Errors
- Common errors include:
- Omitting the parentheses after
main. - Forgetting the opening and closing braces for functions.
- Misspelling function names, such as
print()instead ofprintf(). - Neglecting to close strings passed to
printf()with double quotes. - Omitting semicolons at the end of executable statements.
- Missing
\nto indicate a new line.
- Omitting the parentheses after
Summary
- A C program is composed of one or more functions.
- A function is a C language representation of an algorithm.
- The standard library provides a collection of functions.
- Programs can utilize functions through the
#includedirective.
- Programs can utilize functions through the
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Description
Explore the fundamentals of C programming, including the types of identifiers and rules for creating programmer-defined names. Learn about the C standard library and the significance of naming conventions. Test your knowledge with this comprehensive quiz.
