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Questions and Answers
What are the basic elements of the C language classified as?
What are the basic elements of the C language classified as?
What is the maximum length of an identifier in C?
What is the maximum length of an identifier in C?
32
A _ is a name that substitutes for a sequence of characters in C.
A _ is a name that substitutes for a sequence of characters in C.
symbolic constant
Match the following format specifiers in C with their corresponding data types:
Match the following format specifiers in C with their corresponding data types:
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Arithmetic expressions in C are evaluated right to left.
Arithmetic expressions in C are evaluated right to left.
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What are operators in C?
What are operators in C?
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Which book played a major role in making C language popular?
Which book played a major role in making C language popular?
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Study Notes
Introduction to C Language
- C is a general-purpose computer language that is structured, high-level, and machine-independent.
- It was originally created for writing Operating System software.
- C was evolved from ALGOL, BCPL, and B by Dennis Ritchie at the Bell Laboratories in 1972.
- The language became more popular after the publication of the book ‘The C Programming Language’ by Brian Kerningham and Dennis Ritchie in 1978.
Fundamentals of C Language
- The basic elements of C language can be classified as:
- Identifiers
- Keywords
- Constants
- C Character set
Identifiers
- Identifiers are names given to various program elements, such as variables, functions, and arrays.
- Identifiers consist of letters and digits in any order, except that the first character must be a letter.
- Identifiers are case-sensitive, and the maximum length is 32 characters.
Keywords (Reserved words)
- Reserved words are essential parts of a language definition.
- These words have special meaning in C, and therefore, they cannot be used as variable names.
- Examples of reserved words include: auto, double, if, static, break, else, int, struct, etc.
Constants
- A constant is a container that stores a value that cannot be changed during program execution.
- There are two broad categories of constants in C: literal constant and symbolic constant.
- Literal constants can be classified into:
- Integer constants (decimal, octal, hexadecimal)
- Character constants (character, string)
- Floating-point constants
Symbolic Constants in C
- A symbolic constant is a name that substitutes for a sequence of characters.
- Symbolic constants are defined using #define and are usually placed at the beginning of a program.
Character Set
- The C programming language requires a set of characters including:
- Alphabets A-Z, a-z
- Digits 0-9
- Special symbols # & | ? _ ~ ^ { } [ ] ( ) < > , . : ; ‘ $ “ + - / * =
Basic Data Types in C
- Format specifier or conversion specifier is used to indicate the data type to be printed or scanned.
- Examples of format specifiers include:
- %c for char
- %d for int
- %f for float or double
- %e for float or double (exponential format)
Variables and Their Declarations
- A variable is an identifier that stores a value that can change during program execution.
- A variable name can be chosen by the programmer in a meaningful way that reflects what it represents in the program.
- The naming convention of a variable follows the rules of constructing identifiers.
Operators
- Operators are special symbols that instruct the compiler to perform certain mathematical or logical manipulations.
- Operators are used with operands to build expressions.
- Examples of operators include:
- Arithmetic operators (+, -, *, /, %)
- Relational operators (==, !=, <, >, <=, >=)
- Logical operators (&&, ||, !)
Expressions
- C expressions are based on algebra expressions.
- An expression is a combination of variables, constants, and operators written according to the syntax of C language.
- Expressions in C evaluate to a value that can be assigned to a variable.
Rules for Evaluation of Expression
- Parethesized sub-expressions are evaluated left to right.
- The precedence rule is applied in determining the order of application of operators in evaluating sub-expressions.
- The associability rule is applied when two or more operators of the same precedence level appear in the sub-expression.
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of the C programming language, including character sets, data types, variables, operators, expressions, and library functions.
