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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is the correct sequence when learning the C programming language?
Which of the following is the correct sequence when learning the C programming language?
- Alphabets, Constants, Functions, Programs
- Functions, Programs, Constants, Reserved Words
- Keywords, Functions, Instructions, Variable
- Character Set, Keywords, Instructions, Functions (correct)
What does the character set in C programming include?
What does the character set in C programming include?
- Alphabets, digits, and special symbols (correct)
- Only identifiers and constants
- Only alphabets and digits
- Only special symbols and keywords
Which of the following terms is NOT part of the vocabulary formed in the C language?
Which of the following terms is NOT part of the vocabulary formed in the C language?
- Sentences (correct)
- Constants
- Functions
- Variables
What is the primary first step in learning to write programs in C?
What is the primary first step in learning to write programs in C?
What is represented by the special symbols in the C character set?
What is represented by the special symbols in the C character set?
What role do identifiers play in the syntax of the C programming language?
What role do identifiers play in the syntax of the C programming language?
What step follows after learning constants and variables in C?
What step follows after learning constants and variables in C?
Which of the following is a correct example of a character in C?
Which of the following is a correct example of a character in C?
What are the smallest individual units in a C program called?
What are the smallest individual units in a C program called?
How many keywords are predefined in the C programming language?
How many keywords are predefined in the C programming language?
Which of the following is NOT a type of C-token?
Which of the following is NOT a type of C-token?
What cannot be used as variable names in C programming?
What cannot be used as variable names in C programming?
Which of the following is an example of a special symbol in C?
Which of the following is an example of a special symbol in C?
Which tokens in C are user-defined names that represent objects or functions?
Which tokens in C are user-defined names that represent objects or functions?
What type of C-token represents fixed values?
What type of C-token represents fixed values?
Which of these is a string token in C programming?
Which of these is a string token in C programming?
Why can’t a keyword be used as a variable name?
Why can’t a keyword be used as a variable name?
Which of the following is NOT a type of constant supported in C?
Which of the following is NOT a type of constant supported in C?
Which of the following represents a valid identifier in C?
Which of the following represents a valid identifier in C?
What character is commonly used to begin an identifier in C?
What character is commonly used to begin an identifier in C?
How are integer constants represented in C?
How are integer constants represented in C?
What defines a binary number?
What defines a binary number?
What character can be used within identifiers in C?
What character can be used within identifiers in C?
What is the representation of the binary number 110100?
What is the representation of the binary number 110100?
Which of the following is a valid hexadecimal integer?
Which of the following is a valid hexadecimal integer?
What is the decimal equivalent of the hexadecimal number 2DB7?
What is the decimal equivalent of the hexadecimal number 2DB7?
Which of the following represents a valid real constant?
Which of the following represents a valid real constant?
What does the 'e' or 'E' denote in exponential notation?
What does the 'e' or 'E' denote in exponential notation?
Which of the following is not a valid single character constant?
Which of the following is not a valid single character constant?
Which representation can be used for very large numbers?
Which representation can be used for very large numbers?
Which of these numbers is a valid floating point constant?
Which of these numbers is a valid floating point constant?
What is the correct form for representing the number 215.65 in exponential notation?
What is the correct form for representing the number 215.65 in exponential notation?
What keyword indicates that a variable's value cannot be modified by the program?
What keyword indicates that a variable's value cannot be modified by the program?
Which qualifier is used to indicate that a variable may be changed by external sources?
Which qualifier is used to indicate that a variable may be changed by external sources?
In the basic structure of a C program, what is the correct order of sections?
In the basic structure of a C program, what is the correct order of sections?
Which format code is used to print a string in C?
Which format code is used to print a string in C?
What does the documentation section in a C program typically contain?
What does the documentation section in a C program typically contain?
What is the purpose of the main () function section in a C program?
What is the purpose of the main () function section in a C program?
Which format code would be appropriate to use for printing a long integer?
Which format code would be appropriate to use for printing a long integer?
If a variable must not be modified by the program but may be changed externally, what qualifiers should it have?
If a variable must not be modified by the program but may be changed externally, what qualifiers should it have?
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Study Notes
Learning C Language
- Learning C is analogous to learning the English language, starting with fundamental components.
- The process involves understanding characters, combining them into vocabulary, creating instructions, and structuring functions or complete programs.
Character Set in C
- The character set includes alphabets (A-Z, a-z), digits (0-9), and special symbols (e.g., !@#~`%^&*).
- This set forms the vocabulary of C and includes constants, variables, and keywords.
- ASCII table lists character values and descriptions for data representation.
C Tokens
- C programs consist of tokens, the smallest units of the language:
- Keywords: predefined words recognized by the C compiler.
- Identifiers: user-defined names for variables, functions, and arrays.
- Constants: fixed values that do not change during execution.
- Strings: sequences of characters.
- Special Symbols: additional syntax elements.
Keywords
- There are 32 reserved keywords in C that cannot be used as variable names, such as
int,float,char, andreturn.
Identifiers
- Identifiers are the names assigned by users to elements in the C program, must begin with a letter or underscore, and may include numerical digits.
Constants
- Constants represent fixed values in a program, categorized into:
- Numeric (e.g., integers, real numbers)
- Character (single characters)
- Logical (true/false values)
Types of Numeric Constants
- Integer Constants: categorized into binary, decimal, octal, and hexadecimal.
- Real Constants: include fractional parts and can be expressed in exponential notation (e.g.,
1.5e3).
Single Character Constants
- Enclosed in single quotes (e.g., 'x', '5'). Different from numeric values.
Variable Qualifiers
const: indicates a variable’s value should not be altered in the program.volatile: signals that a variable’s value may change due to external factors.
Format Codes
- Used for formatted output:
%cfor characters%d,%ifor decimal integers%f,%gfor floating point values%sfor strings
Basic Structure of a C Program
- A C program generally consists of:
- Documentation Section: comments about the program.
- Link Section: includes libraries.
- Definition Section: defines constants and macros.
- Global Declaration Section: declares global variables.
- Main Function Section: contains the main execution block, with declarations and executable code.
- Subprogram Section: contains additional functions.
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