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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a part of the AS5100:2017 Bridge Design Code?
Which of the following is NOT a part of the AS5100:2017 Bridge Design Code?
What type of load does 'Creep and Shrinkage' fall under?
What type of load does 'Creep and Shrinkage' fall under?
Which of the following is classified under transient design loads?
Which of the following is classified under transient design loads?
Which design load category includes 'Water Flow Forces'?
Which design load category includes 'Water Flow Forces'?
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Which factor is NOT considered under permanent loads?
Which factor is NOT considered under permanent loads?
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Which design load is specified for stationary traffic according to AS 5100?
Which design load is specified for stationary traffic according to AS 5100?
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What is the nominal load specified for pedestrian traffic?
What is the nominal load specified for pedestrian traffic?
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Which of the following is NOT a part of the design loads for bridges?
Which of the following is NOT a part of the design loads for bridges?
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What is the purpose of the dynamic load allowance in bridge design?
What is the purpose of the dynamic load allowance in bridge design?
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Which load is specified if the relevant authority designates it?
Which load is specified if the relevant authority designates it?
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What is the return period for Ultimate Limit State (ULS) design against wind loads?
What is the return period for Ultimate Limit State (ULS) design against wind loads?
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Which factor is critical when considering earthquake effects in design?
Which factor is critical when considering earthquake effects in design?
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What aspect is not part of the design considerations for durability as per AS 5100.5?
What aspect is not part of the design considerations for durability as per AS 5100.5?
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What does increased cover in fire design primarily aim to achieve?
What does increased cover in fire design primarily aim to achieve?
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Which of the following is associated with dynamic behavior in structural analysis?
Which of the following is associated with dynamic behavior in structural analysis?
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Which of the following is NOT classified under design loads?
Which of the following is NOT classified under design loads?
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What must first drawings contain according to design requirements?
What must first drawings contain according to design requirements?
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Which component is considered a dead load?
Which component is considered a dead load?
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What is included in traffic loading considerations?
What is included in traffic loading considerations?
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Which of the following is a consideration for environmental loads?
Which of the following is a consideration for environmental loads?
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Which statement about dynamic load allowance is true?
Which statement about dynamic load allowance is true?
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What factor is associated with design loads in terms of collision?
What factor is associated with design loads in terms of collision?
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What type of loading must bridges be designed to resist?
What type of loading must bridges be designed to resist?
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What does SLS stand for in the context of limit states?
What does SLS stand for in the context of limit states?
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In the context of dynamic load analysis, what is the purpose of the dynamic load allowance?
In the context of dynamic load analysis, what is the purpose of the dynamic load allowance?
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What is the maximum stress calculated for the concrete deck under ultimate strength requirements?
What is the maximum stress calculated for the concrete deck under ultimate strength requirements?
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Which of the following is considered during the Ultimate Limit State (ULS) assessments?
Which of the following is considered during the Ultimate Limit State (ULS) assessments?
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What is the dynamic load modeled with as per AS5100?
What is the dynamic load modeled with as per AS5100?
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What is the characteristic of the maximum stress calculated at the arc member near the supports?
What is the characteristic of the maximum stress calculated at the arc member near the supports?
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What factor is applied to each concentrated load in the dynamic load analysis?
What factor is applied to each concentrated load in the dynamic load analysis?
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How many most critical dynamic load positions were considered during the analysis of the bridge?
How many most critical dynamic load positions were considered during the analysis of the bridge?
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What is the height of each tower of the bridge?
What is the height of each tower of the bridge?
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How much further apart are the towers at the top due to the curvature of the earth?
How much further apart are the towers at the top due to the curvature of the earth?
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What is the average daily usage of the bridge by pedestrians, cyclists, and traffic?
What is the average daily usage of the bridge by pedestrians, cyclists, and traffic?
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What was one of the notable achievements of the Golden Gate Bridge at the time of its completion?
What was one of the notable achievements of the Golden Gate Bridge at the time of its completion?
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In which year did the Golden Gate Bridge open to the public?
In which year did the Golden Gate Bridge open to the public?
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Which major geographical feature is the Golden Gate Bridge adjacent to?
Which major geographical feature is the Golden Gate Bridge adjacent to?
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What innovative process was used in the construction of the Golden Gate Bridge's cables?
What innovative process was used in the construction of the Golden Gate Bridge's cables?
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Who declared the Golden Gate Bridge as one of the wonders of the modern world?
Who declared the Golden Gate Bridge as one of the wonders of the modern world?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Bridge Engineering (Part 2)
- Course: CIVL3811, Engineering Design and Construction
- Institution: The University of Sydney, School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering
- Design Code: AS5100:2017 Bridge Design Code
- Components of Bridge Design Code (8 Parts):
- Part 1: Scope and general principles
- Part 2: Design loads
- Part 3: Foundations and soil-supporting structures
- Part 4: Bearings and deck joints
- Part 5: Concrete
- Part 6: Steel and composite construction
- Part 7: Bridge assessment
- Part 8: Rehabilitation and strengthening of existing bridges
- Part 9: Timber
Design Loads (Part 2)
-
Permanent Loads:
- Dead Load: Weight of the bridge itself
- Superimposed loads: loads due to additional items on the bridge deck (eg: utilities, road surface)
- Earth Pressure: pressure from earth around the bridge
- Creep & Shrinkage: Movement and deformation of materials due to temperature changes and humidity
- Forces from Bearings: forces on the bridge bearings
- Water Flow Forces (NWL): forces from water flow, even standing water
- Differential Movements: any shifts or movements in the components
-
Transient Loads:
- Road Traffic (various types): W80, A160, SM100, M1600, HLP 320/400, DLA, ALF; Centrifugal, Braking, Barrier Impact, Fatigue
- Rail Traffic: 300LA, 150LA, Braking, Nosing
- Pedestrian: 5 kPa (kiloPascals)
- Water Flow Forces: effects of water flow
- Thermal: changes due to temperature changes
- Seismic: forces from earthquakes
- Collision: loads due to impact
- Wind Loads
- Earth Pressure due to LL: live loads
Design Loads (Part 2) - additional details
- Loads are determined according to Part 2
- Dead Loads: Dead loads, Traffic Loading, Dynamic Load Allowance, Horizontal Traffic Loads, Impact Loading, Barrier Loads, Environmental Loads and other effects
General Issues for Design Loads
- Drawings must include:
- Conformance statement for minimum design loads
- Types of specific traffic loads
- Lateral position for special loads
- Allowance for collision loads
- Assumed wind, flood, and seismic load events
- Foundation data
- Differential settlement allowances
Dead Loads
- Self-weight of superstructure
- Self-weight of sub-structure
- Imposed dead loads:
- Surface materials
- Utilities and services
- Overlays (structural and non-structural)
Traffic Loading
- Maximum load effect due to vehicle movement:
Design loads refer to AS 5100.2:2017
- Moving traffic load: M 1600
- Stationary traffic load: S 1600
- Heavy load platforms (HLP): HLP 320 or 400
- 80 wheel load (W80)
- 160-axle load
- Lane Factors (refer to Table 7.6)
- Other loads (refer to Part 7)
- Road Traffic: 300 kN, 360 kN
- Pedestrian Traffic: 5 kPa
- Rail Traffic: 300LA
Dynamic Load Allowance
- The dynamic load allowance is 0.3. This applies to concentrated loads of 60 kN * 1.3 = 78kN.
Static Analysis
- The static analysis used nonlinear static solver in Strand7
- Maximum stress on arc member near support 600 MPa
Dynamic Analysis
- In dynamic design, the diagrams illustrated the critical situations when loading applied.
- The maximum stresses occurred at arc member near support.
Bridge Serviceability
- Deflection under live load should not exceed 1/600 of span. (For 366m span bridge, maximum deflection < 0.61m)
Other Load Effects
- Shrinkage, Creep, Prestress
- Differential settlements (particularly in mining areas)
- Construction Loads
- Dynamic Behaviour (highly specialized analysis)
Specific Bridge Examples
-
Verrazano Narrows Bridge:
- A double-deck suspension bridge
- 11th longest single span
- $320m construction cost
-
Golden Gate Bridge:
- 6-lane suspension bridge
- Longest main span suspension bridge for 27 years
-
Anzac Bridge:
- 8-lane cable-stayed bridge spanning the Johnstons Bay
- $170m construction cost
- 345 m span
Modeling in Strand7
- Simplified models of cables, deck, pylon
Wind Analysis
- Wind Loads: SLS (20-year return period), ULS (2000-year return period).
- Consider drag coefficient calculation
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Description
This quiz covers the design loads as specified in the AS5100:2017 Bridge Design Code. You will explore various types of loads affecting bridge design, including permanent loads such as dead loads, superimposed loads, earth pressure, and the effects of creep and shrinkage. Test your knowledge on these critical components of bridge engineering.
