Introduction to Biology

Study Notes

Study of living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy.

Molecule: Basic unit of life (e.g., DNA, proteins)
Cell: Basic structural and functional unit of life
Tissue: Group of similar cells performing a specific function
Organ: Structure composed of two or more types of tissues
Organ System: Group of organs working together to perform a specific function
Organism: Individual living thing
Population: Group of organisms of the same species living in a specific area
Community: Group of different species living in a specific area
Ecosystem: Community and its physical environment

Carbohydrates: Provide energy for organisms (e.g., sugars, starches)
Proteins: Perform a wide range of functions (e.g., enzymes, hormones, structural proteins)
Lipids: Store energy and provide structure (e.g., fats, oils)
Nucleic Acids: Contain genetic information (e.g., DNA, RNA)

Biology is the study of living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy.
Botany is the study of plants, while Zoology is the study of animals.
Microbiology examines microorganisms, Ecology looks at interactions between organisms and their environment, and Genetics studies heredity and variation.
Biochemistry focuses on the chemical processes within living organisms.

Molecules are the basic units of life, such as DNA and proteins.
Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life.
Tissues are groups of similar cells performing a specific function.
Organs are structures composed of two or more types of tissues.
Organ Systems are groups of organs working together to perform a specific function.
Organisms are individual living things, and Populations are groups of organisms of the same species living in a specific area.
Communities are groups of different species living in a specific area, and Ecosystems include the community and its physical environment.

Carbohydrates provide energy for organisms, including sugars and starches.
Proteins perform a wide range of functions, such as enzymes, hormones, and structural proteins.
Lipids store energy and provide structure, including fats and oils.
Nucleic Acids contain genetic information, including DNA and RNA.

The Cell Membrane is a semi-permeable membrane surrounding the cell.
Cytoplasm is the gel-like substance inside the cell membrane.
The Nucleus contains genetic material (DNA).
Mitochondria generate energy for the cell.
Cell Division is the process by which cells reproduce, including mitosis and meiosis.