Introduction to Biology
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Questions and Answers

Which cellular component is primarily responsible for maintaining cellular homeostasis by regulating the transport of substances in and out of the cell?

  • Plasma Membrane (correct)
  • Mitochondria
  • Golgi Apparatus
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum

If a bacterial cell is found to be resistant to multiple antibiotics due to changes in its DNA, which biological process best explains this phenomenon?

  • Homeostasis
  • Osmosis
  • Cellular Respiration
  • Evolution by Natural Selection (correct)

A scientist is studying a newly discovered organism. Which characteristic would classify it as a living organism?

  • It is composed of multiple tissues.
  • It can move independently.
  • It can maintain a stable internal environment. (correct)
  • It contains a nucleus.

In an ecosystem, what is the primary role of organisms that perform photosynthesis?

<p>Converting light energy into chemical energy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A biologist observes that cells from a certain tissue contain a high number of mitochondria. What is the most likely function of this tissue?

<p>Producing a large amount of energy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process ensures that genetic information is passed from parent cells to daughter cells during cell division?

<p>Replication (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A population of insects experiences a drastic change in environmental conditions, leading to a decrease in genetic diversity. Which of the following is the most likely consequence of this change?

<p>Decreased ability to adapt to future environmental changes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A researcher is studying how different plant species respond to drought conditions. Which branch of biology is the researcher primarily working in?

<p>Botany (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios would LEAST likely lead to evolutionary change in a population?

<p>A large population size with random mating and no mutations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does energy flow differ from nutrient cycling within an ecosystem?

<p>Energy flows in one direction through trophic levels, while nutrients are recycled. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A marathon runner primarily relies on which type of biological molecule for sustained energy during a race?

<p>Carbohydrates for immediate energy and stored glycogen for later use. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do enzymes affect the activation energy of a chemical reaction within a cell?

<p>Enzymes decrease the activation energy, speeding up the reaction. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of sexual reproduction compared to asexual reproduction?

<p>Sexual reproduction leads to greater genetic diversity in offspring. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback mechanism disrupting homeostasis?

<p>The escalating contractions during childbirth leading to delivery. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are viruses considered obligate intracellular parasites?

<p>They can only reproduce inside a host cell. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule is the most directly responsible for translating the genetic code into proteins?

<p>tRNA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a forest ecosystem, which of the following organisms would most likely occupy the highest trophic level?

<p>Wolves (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does catabolism contribute to overall metabolism in an organism?

<p>It breaks down complex molecules, releasing energy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Biology

The scientific study of life.

Cells

The basic structural and functional unit of life.

Biochemistry

The study of the chemical processes in living organisms.

Botany

The study of plants.

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Cell biology

The study of cells.

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Ecology

The interactions between organisms and their environment.

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Genetics

The study of heredity and variation in organisms.

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Nucleus

Eukaryotic cells have a...

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Evolution

Changes in a population's genetic makeup over time.

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Ecosystem

A community of organisms interacting with their physical environment.

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Carbohydrates

Provide energy and structural support to organisms.

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Lipids

Store energy and form cell membranes.

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Proteins

Catalyze reactions and transport molecules.

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Nucleic Acids

Carry genetic information.

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Metabolism

All chemical reactions within an organism.

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Homeostasis

Maintaining a stable internal environment.

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Viruses

Acellular entities that replicate inside host cells.

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Description

Biology is the scientific study of life, with core principles including cells, genes, evolution, and homeostasis. It comprises various branches such as biochemistry, botany, cell biology, and ecology. These fields explore life's processes, structures, and interactions at different scales.

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