Introduction to Biology
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Questions and Answers

Which characteristic of life is most directly related to the ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal body temperature despite fluctuations in the external environment?

  • Evolution
  • Homeostasis (correct)
  • Reproduction
  • Metabolism

A researcher is studying the rate of photosynthesis in different species of algae. Which branch of biology is most relevant to this research?

  • Botany (correct)
  • Ecology
  • Microbiology
  • Zoology

An increase in antibiotic-resistant bacteria populations over time that impacts human health is an example of which biological process?

  • Metabolism
  • Organization
  • Homeostasis
  • Evolution (correct)

Which cellular component is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and is responsible for protein synthesis?

<p>Ribosomes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A scientist is investigating the processes that allow cells to communicate and coordinate their functions within a tissue. Which field of biology is this scientist most likely working in?

<p>Cell biology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a mutation occurs in a gene, leading to a non-functional protein, which level of biological organization is most directly affected?

<p>Molecular (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of how 'response' as a characteristic of life helps an organism survive?

<p>A bird migrating south for the winter (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A researcher aims to understand how different species interact within a forest ecosystem. Which area of biology is most aligned with this research?

<p>Ecology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A population of butterflies exhibits variation in wing color. Which of the following scenarios best illustrates natural selection?

<p>Butterflies with wing colors that better camouflage them from predators survive and reproduce more successfully. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between a community and an ecosystem?

<p>A community is a group of interacting populations, while an ecosystem includes the community and its physical environment. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During cellular respiration, glucose is broken down to release energy. What is the primary energy currency that captures this energy for cellular processes?

<p>ATP (adenosine triphosphate) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A scientist is studying a new microorganism and observes that it lacks a nucleus. Based on this information, to which group does this organism likely belong?

<p>Bacteria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tissues is primarily responsible for transporting water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant?

<p>Xylem (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is common to all animals?

<p>Heterotrophic nutrition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A mutation arises in a population of bacteria that confers resistance to a specific antibiotic. Which statement describes the most likely outcome of the bacteria population after it is exposed to the antibiotic?

<p>The proportion of bacteria with the resistance mutation will increase as they are more likely to survive and reproduce. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In an ecosystem, energy flows and nutrients cycle. Which of the following statements best describes the difference between these two processes?

<p>Energy is lost as heat as it moves through the food web, while nutrients are recycled among organisms and the environment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of catabolism?

<p>Digestion of food (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following animal phyla is characterized by having a segmented body plan?

<p>Arthropoda (insects) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is Biology?

The scientific study of life, including its structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, and distribution.

What is a Cell?

The basic unit of life, capable of independent functioning.

What is a Gene?

The basic unit of heredity, made of DNA and containing instructions for building proteins.

What is Evolution?

The process driving the creation and extinction of species through natural selection.

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What are Prokaryotic Cells?

Cells lacking a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

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What are Eukaryotic Cells?

Cells containing a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

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What is Genetics?

The study of heredity and variation in organisms.

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What is DNA?

A molecule that contains the genetic instructions for building and maintaining organisms.

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Genes

Units of heredity passed from parents to offspring.

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Mutations

Changes in DNA sequence leading to variation.

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Evolution

Change in heritable traits of populations over generations.

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Natural selection

Advantageous traits increasing survival and reproduction.

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Ecology

Study of interactions between organisms and their environment.

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Ecosystems

Communities of living things interacting with the environment.

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Biochemistry

Chemical processes within living organisms.

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Enzymes

Proteins that speed up biochemical reactions.

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Microbiology

Study of microorganisms.

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Antibiotics

Drugs that kill or inhibit bacterial growth.

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Study Notes

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Description

Overview of biology, the science of life. Exploration of structure, function, evolution, and distribution of organisms. Focus on cells, genes, and energy transformation in living systems. Covers branches like botany, genetics, and microbiology.

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