Introduction to Biology

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following biological levels of organization includes both living organisms and their physical environment?

  • Biosphere
  • Population
  • Community
  • Ecosystem (correct)

Which cellular component is primarily responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum?

  • Mitochondrion
  • Lysosome
  • Ribosome
  • Golgi apparatus (correct)

In the context of genetics, what is the process by which RNA is synthesized using a DNA template called?

  • Mutation
  • Replication
  • Transcription (correct)
  • Translation

What evidence for evolution involves the study of anatomical similarities and differences among different species?

<p>Comparative anatomy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which area of ecological study focuses primarily on interactions between different species within a defined area?

<p>Community ecology (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process converts light energy into chemical energy in plants?

<p>Photosynthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of animal tissue is responsible for transmitting electrical signals throughout the body?

<p>Nervous tissue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following microorganisms are non-cellular and require a host cell to replicate?

<p>Viruses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which field studies the structure of the human body?

<p>Human anatomy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What biotechnology process involves creating genetically identical copies of an organism or cell?

<p>Cloning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the core principles of biology, which concept explains why many animals sweat when they overheat?

<p>Homeostasis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of adaptation in the context of evolution?

<p>A population of bacteria becoming resistant to an antibiotic. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The increasing concentration of pollutants in organisms at higher trophic levels is best described by which phenomenon?

<p>Biomagnification (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gene therapy involves which of the following processes?

<p>Using genes to treat or prevent diseases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of recombinant DNA technology?

<p>Introducing a human gene into a bacterial plasmid. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Biology

The scientific study of life, including its structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, and distribution.

Cell Theory

All living organisms are composed of cells, which are the basic units of structure and function.

Gene Theory

Hereditary information is encoded in DNA and passed from parents to offspring.

Evolution

Living organisms evolve over time through processes such as natural selection.

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Homeostasis

Living organisms' ability to maintain a stable internal environment.

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Cells

The basic unit of life, containing organelles and a plasma membrane.

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Prokaryotic Cells

Lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

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Eukaryotic Cells

Possess a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

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Plasma Membrane

A selectively permeable barrier that encloses the cell.

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DNA

The molecule that carries genetic information

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Genes

Segments of DNA that code for specific traits.

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Mutations

Changes in the DNA sequence.

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Natural Selection

The process by which organisms with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce.

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Photosynthesis

The process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy.

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Bacteria

Unicellular prokaryotic organisms.

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