Introduction to Biology Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is considered a key property shared by all living organisms?

  • Photosynthesis
  • Complexity
  • Mobility
  • Homeostasis (correct)

What is the primary function of DNA in living organisms?

  • Regulating body temperature
  • Energy production
  • Storage and processing of nutrients
  • Carrying genetic instructions for growth and development (correct)

Which of the following elements is NOT considered one of the four most common elements found in living organisms?

  • Carbon
  • Calcium (correct)
  • Oxygen
  • Nitrogen

What process describes the movement of bacteria toward a chemical source?

<p>Chemotaxis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do multicellular organisms reproduce?

<p>By producing germline cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the organization level seen in multicellular organisms?

<p>Cells form tissues that collaborate to make organs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'sensitivity to stimuli' refer to in biology?

<p>Response to environmental changes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary biological molecules formed by carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and phosphorus?

<p>Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the protein type, "Transport"?

<p>Transport oxygen and nutrients in blood and lymph (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process creates a polymer by joining monomers together with the release of a water molecule?

<p>Dehydration Synthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of homeostasis?

<p>Producing energy for metabolic activities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a correct example of an organism using energy processing?

<p>A human breaking down food for nutrients (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct order of biological organization, from smallest to largest?

<p>Atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, systems, organism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of macromolecule is responsible for providing structural support in the cytoskeleton?

<p>Proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organisms uses fur as a method of thermoregulation?

<p>A polar bear in the Arctic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of protein is responsible for breaking down food into monomers?

<p>Digestive enzymes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Homeostasis

The ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment, even when external conditions change.

Energy Processing

The process by which organisms use energy for their metabolic activities.

Dehydration Synthesis

The process of building larger molecules from smaller monomers by removing water molecules.

Hydrolysis

The process of breaking down larger polymers into smaller monomers by adding water molecules.

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Carbohydrates

A class of macromolecules that includes sugars, starches, and cellulose. They provide energy and structural support.

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Lipids

A class of macromolecules that includes fats, oils, and waxes. They provide energy storage, insulation, and cell membrane structure.

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Proteins

A class of macromolecules that includes proteins, enzymes, and hormones. They have diverse functions like building structures, catalysing reactions, and transporting molecules.

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Nucleic Acids

A class of macromolecules that includes DNA and RNA. They store and transmit genetic information.

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What is Biology?

The study of living organisms and their interactions with each other and their environment. It encompasses the science of life.

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Order in Living Organisms

A highly organized system where atoms form molecules, molecules create organelles, cells form tissues, tissues collaborate to form organs, and organs work together to form systems.

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Sensitivity to Stimuli

The ability of organisms to respond to changes in their environment, like light, chemicals, or touch.

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Reproduction

The process where organisms produce offspring, ensuring the continuation of their species. It involves passing on genetic information from parents.

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Growth and Development

The process of increasing in size and complexity. Instructions for growth are encoded within DNA, ensuring proper development.

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Adaptation

The ability of organisms to change over time to better suit their environment. These changes can lead to adaptation.

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Study Notes

Introduction to Biology

  • Biology is the study of living organisms and their interactions with each other and their environment.
  • Living organisms share key properties including order, response to stimuli, reproduction, growth and development, regulation, homeostasis, energy processing, and adaptation.
  • The chemical foundation of life is based on elements like carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus. These elements form the building blocks of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids.
  • The percentages of these elements differ in humans compared to the atmosphere and the Earth's crust.

Levels of Organization

  • Matter (including living things) is composed of elements in various combinations
  • Atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, body systems, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems, biosphere

Biological Macromolecules

  • Organisms obtain nutrients from food.
  • Large molecules (macromolecules) are polymers built from monomers (smaller units).
  • The four major categories of macromolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Key Biological Processes

  • Order: Organisms are highly organized at all levels.
  • Sensitivity to stimuli: Organisms respond to stimuli in their environment.
  • Reproduction: Organisms duplicate and pass their genes to offspring.
  • Growth and development: Organisms grow and develop according to instructions from their DNA.
  • Regulation: Organisms maintain internal stability.
  • Homeostasis: The ability to maintain internal conditions.
  • Energy processing: Organisms capture and use energy to perform life functions.

Additional Details

  • Homeostasis: Organisms maintain constant internal conditions (temperature, pH, etc.) despite environmental changes using various mechanisms.
  • Energy processing: Organisms use energy sources for metabolic activities (e.g., plants using sunlight, animals using chemical energy).

Biological Processes - examples

  • Digestive enzymes: Break down food into monomers
  • Transport: Transport oxygen and nutrients
  • Structural: Form cytoskeleton
  • Hormones: Coordinate body functions
  • Defense: Provide immunity
  • Contractile: Muscle contraction
  • Storage: Provide nutrients for development

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Description

This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of biology, including the properties of living organisms, levels of biological organization, and the significance of biological macromolecules. Understand the building blocks of life and how different elements contribute to biological processes.

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