Introduction to Biology

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between structure and function in biological systems?

  • Structure and function are unrelated aspects of biological components.
  • The structure of a component dictates its potential functions. (correct)
  • The function of a component is independent of its structure.
  • Structure evolves independently of functional requirements.

If a scientist is studying how different species interact within a forest and how they are affected by rainfall levels, which level of biological organization are they primarily focused on?

  • Population
  • Community
  • Ecosystem (correct)
  • Organism

Which of the following is an example of catabolism?

  • Synthesis of a protein from amino acids.
  • Breakdown of glucose to produce ATP. (correct)
  • Replication of DNA.
  • Formation of glycogen from glucose molecules.

Which of the following cellular components is responsible for modifying and packaging proteins and lipids?

<p>Golgi Apparatus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of cellular respiration is the majority of ATP generated?

<p>Electron Transport Chain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A cell is exposed to a toxin that disrupts the function of ribosomes. Which cellular process would be most immediately affected?

<p>Protein synthesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of information flow in biology?

<p>DNA being transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into a protein (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a plant is placed in a dark environment, which stage of photosynthesis will be most immediately affected?

<p>Light-Dependent Reactions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of chemical bond is primarily responsible for the unique properties of water, such as cohesion and high heat capacity?

<p>Hydrogen Bond (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

<p>Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of enzymes in metabolic reactions?

<p>To lower the activation energy of reactions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During meiosis, what is the outcome in terms of the number and genetic content of the resulting daughter cells?

<p>Four genetically unique daughter cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following provides evidence for evolution through comparative anatomy?

<p>Similarities in the bone structure of a human arm and a bat wing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In long-distance cell signaling, how do cells typically communicate?

<p>By releasing hormones that travel throughout the body. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the 'law of independent assortment' in Mendelian genetics?

<p>Alleles of different genes assort independently of one another during gamete formation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Biology

The scientific study of life, including its structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, and distribution.

Cell Theory

All living organisms are composed of cells, and cells are the basic units of structure and function.

Gene Theory

Hereditary information is encoded in DNA and genes which pass traits from parents to offspring.

Evolution

Life evolves over time through processes like natural selection, explaining the diversity and unity of life.

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Atoms

The basic units of matter.

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Molecules

Two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.

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Organelles

Structures within cells that perform specific functions.

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Cells

The basic unit of life.

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Chemical Bonds

A force that holds atoms together. Types include: covalent, ionic, and hydrogen.

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Enzymes

Biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy.

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ATP

The main energy currency of the cell, providing energy for cellular processes.

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Mitosis

Division of the nucleus, resulting in two identical daughter cells.

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Meiosis

A special type of cell division that produces gametes resulting in four genetically unique daughter cells.

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Genotype

The genetic makeup of an organism.

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Phenotype

The observable characteristics of an organism.

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