Introduction to Biology: Cells and Molecules
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of biology as a field of study?

  • The study of living organisms and their interactions. (correct)
  • The study of atmospheric conditions and climate patterns.
  • The study of geological formations and their history.
  • The study of non-living matter and chemical reactions.

Which of the following is a key characteristic of prokaryotic cells?

  • Presence of a nucleus.
  • Presence of membrane-bound organelles.
  • Complex internal membrane system.
  • Lack of a nucleus. (correct)

Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis in cells?

  • Lysosomes
  • Mitochondria
  • Golgi apparatus
  • Ribosomes (correct)

What is the main function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

<p>Primary source of energy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of enzymes in biochemical reactions?

<p>To speed up reactions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the structure of the cell membrane?

<p>A phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process describes the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of high water potential to low water potential?

<p>Osmosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of mitosis?

<p>Cell growth, repair, and asexual reproduction. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four phases of mitosis?

<p>Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecule that carries genetic information?

<p>DNA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the different versions of a gene called?

<p>Alleles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by having two identical alleles for a gene?

<p>Homozygous (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes genetic variation?

<p>Mutations, gene flow, and sexual reproduction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which organisms with traits better suited to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully?

<p>Natural selection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the broadest (most inclusive) level of classification?

<p>Domain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does gas exchange occur in humans?

<p>Alveoli (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do plants use to transport water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant?

<p>Xylem (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which system defends the body against pathogens with B cells and T cells?

<p>Adaptive immune system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process requires oxygen and produces ATP, carbon dioxide, and water?

<p>Aerobic respiration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maintenance of a stable internal environment called?

<p>Homeostasis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which system coordinates the body's responses to stimuli?

<p>Nervous system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a plant macronutrient?

<p>Nitrogen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of factors are included in the ecosystem?

<p>Both Biotic and Abiotic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Biology

The study of living organisms and their interactions.

Cells

Basic structural and functional units of life, responsible for all life processes.

Prokaryotic Cells

Cells lacking a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Eukaryotic Cells

Cells with a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

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Biological Molecules

Organic compounds essential for life; includes carbohydrates, lipids, proteins & nucleic acids.

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Enzymes

Biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions.

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Cell Membrane

Selectively permeable barrier controlling substance movement in and out of cells.

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Mitosis

Cell division producing two identical daughter cells; for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction.

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DNA

Molecule carrying genetic information as a double helix.

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DNA Replication

Process of copying DNA.

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Transcription

Process of transcribing DNA into mRNA.

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Translation

Process of translating mRNA into a protein.

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Genes

Units of heredity that determine traits.

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Genotype

An organisms genetic makeup.

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Phenotype

An organisms observable characteristics.

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Alleles

Different versions of a gene.

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Natural Selection

Process where better-suited organisms survive and reproduce more.

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Taxonomy

The science of classifying organisms.

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Gas Exchange

Taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide.

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Homeostasis

Maintaining a stable internal environment.

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Ecosystem

A community of living organisms and their physical environment.

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Study Notes

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Description

Learn about cells, the basic units of life, including prokaryotic and eukaryotic types. Key organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria, and ribosomes are covered. Explore essential biological molecules, including carbohydrates for energy.

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