Introduction to Biology
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Questions and Answers

Which statement accurately reflects the relationship between cell biology and molecular biology?

  • Cell biology focuses primarily on the genetic code, while molecular biology studies the larger structures within cells.
  • Molecular biology is concerned with the evolutionary history of cells, whereas cell biology examines their current metabolic processes.
  • Cell biology and molecular biology are essentially the same discipline, using different techniques to study the same phenomena.
  • Molecular biology investigates the molecules that carry out cellular functions, while cell biology studies the broader context of cellular structures and processes. (correct)

An organism maintains a constant internal body temperature regardless of changes in the external environment. Which characteristic of life does this best exemplify?

  • Metabolism
  • Adaptation
  • Reproduction
  • Homeostasis (correct)

Which sequence represents the correct order of biological organization, from smallest to largest?

  • Cells, molecules, atoms, tissues, organs
  • Atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs (correct)
  • Molecules, atoms, cells, organs, tissues
  • Atoms, molecules, tissues, cells, organs

A population of insects gradually becomes resistant to a pesticide over several generations. Which biological principle does this illustrate?

<p>Adaptation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A researcher is studying the interactions between different species of plants and animals living in a forest. Which subdiscipline of biology is most relevant to this research?

<p>Ecology (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which activity would fall under the study of physiology?

<p>Investigating the process by which kidneys filter waste products from the blood. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the significance of the gene theory in biology?

<p>It provides the foundation for understanding heredity and variation in living organisms. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following exemplifies the principle of thermodynamics in living organisms?

<p>A plant using sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular component is directly responsible for synthesizing proteins?

<p>Ribosomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between genes, alleles, genotype, and phenotype?

<p>Alleles are different versions of a gene, genotype is the genetic makeup, and phenotype is the observable characteristic. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves copying DNA into RNA?

<p>Transcription (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In an ecosystem, energy primarily flows from:

<p>The sun to producers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which interaction is an example of mutualism?

<p>A bee pollinating a flower. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a biologist is studying the interactions between different fish species in a lake and how they affect the aquatic plant life, which level of biological organization is being studied?

<p>Ecosystem (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key characteristic that distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?

<p>Presence of a nucleus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following sequences represents the correct order of events in gene expression?

<p>Transcription → Translation → Protein Synthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of evidence for evolution involves the study of the development of embryos of different organisms?

<p>Comparative embryology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of evolution, what does natural selection primarily act upon?

<p>Inherited variations within a population. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During photosynthesis, what is the primary role of light energy?

<p>To split water molecules and energize electrons. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a scientist uses PCR, what is the primary goal of this technique?

<p>To amplify specific DNA sequences. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the process of catabolism?

<p>Breaking down of complex molecules into simpler ones to release energy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of commensalism?

<p>A barnacle attaching to a whale (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following techniques separates molecules based on size and charge?

<p>Gel electrophoresis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Biology

The scientific study of life, exploring structure, function, and evolution of living organisms.

Cell Theory

The principle that the cell is the fundamental unit of life.

Gene Theory

The principle that heredity is based on genes passed down through generations.

Evolution

The process through which life changes and diversifies over time.

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Homeostasis

The maintenance of a stable internal environment in living organisms.

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Organization (Life)

Living things exhibit a complex and organized structure at various levels.

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Metabolism

The process by which organisms obtain and use energy through chemical reactions.

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Reproduction

The capacity of living organisms to produce new individuals.

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Populations

Groups of individuals of the same species living in the same area.

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Communities

Populations of different species living and interacting in the same area.

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Ecosystems

Communities of organisms together with their physical environment.

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Biosphere

The sum of all ecosystems on Earth.

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Cells

Fundamental units of life; all organisms are composed of one or more.

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Prokaryotic Cells

Cells lacking a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

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Eukaryotic Cells

Cells containing a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

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Plasma membrane

Outer boundary of the cell that controls what enters and exits.

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Cytoplasm

The fluid-filled space inside the cell.

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Nucleus

Contains the cell's DNA and controls cell activities (in eukaryotes).

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DNA

The molecule that carries genetic information in most living organisms.

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RNA

Plays various roles in gene expression, single-stranded.

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Transcription

The process of copying DNA into RNA.

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Translation

The process of using RNA to synthesize proteins.

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Description

Biology is the scientific study of life, examining structure, function, and evolution. Core principles include cell theory, gene theory, and thermodynamics. Subdisciplines range from biochemistry and molecular biology to genetics and evolutionary biology.

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