Introduction to Biology

Study of living organisms and their interactions with the environment.
Encompasses various disciplines including genetics, ecology, evolution, and physiology.

Botany: Study of plants, their structure, growth, and classification.
Zoology: Study of animals, including behavior, physiology, and classification.
Microbiology: Study of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa.
Genetics: Study of heredity and variation in organisms.
Ecology: Study of interactions between organisms and their environment.
Evolutionary Biology: Study of the origins and changes in the diversity of life over time.
Cell Biology: Study of cell structure, function, and processes.
Molecular Biology: Study of biological molecules and their interactions.

Cell Theory: All living organisms are composed of cells; the cell is the basic unit of life.
Homeostasis: The ability of organisms to maintain stable internal conditions despite external changes.
Metabolism: All chemical reactions that occur within a living organism to maintain life.
Evolution: The process by which species change over time through natural selection and genetic drift.

Theory of Evolution: Explains how species evolve through natural selection.
Germ Theory of Disease: States that many diseases are caused by microorganisms.
Endosymbiotic Theory: Suggests that eukaryotic cells originated from symbiotic relationships between prokaryotic cells.

DNA Structure: Double helix composed of nucleotides (adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine).
Protein Synthesis: Process by which cells generate proteins based on genetic information (transcription and translation).
Enzymes: Biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions.

Food Chains and Webs: Depict feeding relationships between organisms.
Trophic Levels: Producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, and decomposers.
Biomes: Large ecological areas (e.g., forests, deserts, tundras) characterized by distinct flora and fauna.

Anatomy: Study of the structure of the human body.
Physiology: Study of the functions and processes of the human body systems.
Homeostasis in Humans: Regulated by feedback systems (e.g., temperature regulation, blood sugar levels).

Genetic Engineering: Manipulation of an organism's DNA.
Conservation Biology: Focuses on the preservation of biodiversity and ecosystems.
Healthcare and Pharmaceuticals: Application of biological principles to medicine and drug development.

Biology is the study of life, including living organisms and their interactions with the environment.
Biology encompasses many branches such as genetics, ecology, evolution, and physiology.

Botany is the study of plants.
Zoology is the study of animals.
Microbiology studies microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa.
Genetics is the study of heredity and how traits are passed down.
Ecology examines the interactions between organisms and their environment.
Evolutionary biology studies the origins and changes in the diversity of life over time.
Cell biology focuses on cell structure, function, and processes.
Molecular biology studies biological molecules and their interactions.

Cell theory states that all living organisms are composed of cells, and the cell is the basic unit of life.
Homeostasis is the ability of organisms to maintain stable internal conditions despite external changes.
Metabolism refers to all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism to sustain life.
Evolution is the process by which species change over time through natural selection and genetic drift.

Organisms are classified into a hierarchical system:
- Domain: Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya.
- Kingdom: Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista.
- Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species.

Theory of Evolution: This theory explains how species evolve through natural selection.
Germ Theory of Disease: This theory states that many diseases are caused by microorganisms.
Endosymbiotic Theory: This theory suggests that eukaryotic cells originated from symbiotic relationships between prokaryotic cells.

DNA Structure: DNA consists of a double helix composed of nucleotides: adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine.
Protein Synthesis: Cells synthesize proteins based on genetic information through transcription and translation.
Enzymes: Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions.

Food Chains and Webs: These diagrams depict feeding relationships between organisms in an ecosystem.
Trophic Levels: These include producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, and decomposers.
Biomes: Biomes are large ecological areas with distinct flora and fauna, such as forests, deserts, and tundras.

Anatomy: This is the study of the structure of the human body.
Physiology: This is the study of the functions and processes of the human body systems.
Homeostasis in Humans: Feedback systems regulate homeostasis in humans, including temperature regulation and blood sugar levels.

Genetic Engineering: This involves manipulating an organism's DNA.
Conservation Biology: This field focuses on preserving biodiversity and ecosystems.
Healthcare and Pharmaceuticals: Biological principles play a crucial role in medicine and drug development.