Introduction to Biology

Biology is the scientific study of life and living organisms
It explores the structure, function, growth, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy of living things

Botany: study of plants
Zoology: study of animals
Microbiology: study of microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses
Ecology: study of the interactions between organisms and their environment
Genetics: study of heredity and variation
Molecular Biology: study of the structure and function of biomolecules such as DNA and proteins
Cell Biology: study of the structure and function of cells
Evolutionary Biology: study of the processes that have shaped the diversity of life on Earth

Molecule: basic building blocks of life (e.g. DNA, proteins, carbohydrates)
Cell: basic structural and functional unit of life
Tissue: group of similar cells that perform a specific function
Organ: structure composed of two or more types of tissue that perform a specific function
Organ system: group of organs that work together to perform a specific function
Organism: individual living thing (e.g. human, plant, animal)
Population: group of organisms of the same species that live in a specific geographic area
Community: group of different species that live in a specific geographic area
Ecosystem: community of organisms and their physical environment
Biosphere: all living things on Earth and their interactions

Carbohydrates: provide energy and structure for cells (e.g. glucose, cellulose)
Proteins: perform a wide range of functions (e.g. enzymes, hormones, structural proteins)
Lipids: provide energy and structure for cells (e.g. fats, oils)
Nucleic Acids: contain genetic information (e.g. DNA, RNA)

Metabolism: conversion of energy and nutrients into cellular components
Photosynthesis: process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy
Cellular Respiration: process by which cells convert glucose into energy
Mitosis: process of cell division that results in two daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell
Meiosis: process of cell division that results in four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell

Biology encompasses the scientific exploration of life and living organisms.
It investigates various aspects such as structure, function, growth, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy of organisms.

Botany: Focuses on plant life and their processes.
Zoology: Centers on the study of animal life.
Microbiology: Examines microorganisms, including bacteria and viruses.
Ecology: Analyzes the relationships between organisms and their environments.
Genetics: Investigates heredity and genetic variation among organisms.
Molecular Biology: Studies the structure and function of biomolecules such as DNA and proteins.
Cell Biology: Explores the composition and function of cells.
Evolutionary Biology: Looks into the processes that have led to the diversity of life on Earth.

Molecule: Represents the fundamental building blocks of life, including DNA, proteins, and carbohydrates.
Cell: The basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms.
Tissue: Consists of a group of similar cells dedicated to a specific function.
Organ: Composed of multiple tissue types that execute a distinct function.
Organ System: A collection of organs that collaborate to accomplish a particular set of tasks.
Organism: An individual biological entity such as a human, plant, or animal.
Population: A cluster of organisms of the same species inhabiting a defined geographic region.
Community: Various species coexist within a particular geographic area.
Ecosystem: Encompasses the community of organisms along with their physical environment.
Biosphere: Represents all life forms on Earth and their interconnected relationships.

Carbohydrates: Serve as energy sources and structural components in cells, examples include glucose and cellulose.
Proteins: Facilitate a multitude of functions in living organisms, including enzymes, hormones, and structural proteins.
Lipids: Offer energy storage and structural support for cells, with examples such as fats and oils.
Nucleic Acids: Store and transmit genetic information, including DNA and RNA.

Metabolism: The biochemical conversion of energy and nutrients into necessary cellular components.
Photosynthesis: The technique employed by plants to transform light energy into chemical energy.
Cellular Respiration: The process where cells convert glucose into usable energy.
Mitosis: Cell division resulting in two identical daughter cells retaining the same chromosome number as the parent cell.
Meiosis: A specialized type of cell division leading to four daughter cells, each with half the chromosomes of the original cell.