Introduction to Biology

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Questions and Answers

What is the basic unit of heredity recognized by biology?

  • Organisms
  • Genes (correct)
  • Ecosystems
  • Cells

Which of the following is NOT a key characteristic shared by living organisms?

  • Metabolism
  • Inertness (correct)
  • Homeostasis
  • Reproduction

Which subdiscipline of biology focuses on the chemical processes within living organisms?

  • Ecology
  • Botany
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry (correct)

Which of the following does molecular biology study?

<p>Macromolecules essential to life (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does cell biology primarily study?

<p>Structure, function, and behavior of cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which field of biology studies heredity and variation in organisms?

<p>Genetics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the cell theory state is the fundamental unit of life?

<p>The cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell lacks a nucleus?

<p>Prokaryotic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key component of all cells?

<p>Plasma membrane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ribosomes?

<p>Protein synthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for generating ATP, the cell's primary energy currency?

<p>Mitochondria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of molecule is DNA?

<p>Nucleic acid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In DNA, which nitrogenous base pairs with adenine (A)?

<p>Thymine (T) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the central dogma of molecular biology, what is the flow of genetic information?

<p>DNA to RNA to Protein (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell division results in two identical daughter cells?

<p>Mitosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is considered the father of modern genetics?

<p>Gregor Mendel (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of evolution?

<p>Natural selection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the broadest (most inclusive) level of classification in taxonomy?

<p>Domain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Biology

The scientific study of life, including its structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, and distribution.

Cell

The basic unit of life, fundamental to all living organisms.

Gene

The basic unit of heredity, responsible for passing traits from parents to offspring.

Evolution

The process driving the creation and extinction of species through natural selection and other mechanisms.

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Biochemistry

Examines chemical processes within living organisms, focusing on biomolecules and metabolic pathways.

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Cell biology

Studies the structure, function, and behavior of cells, including organelles and cell signaling.

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Cell theory

States that all living organisms are composed of cells, and all cells arise from pre-existing cells.

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Prokaryotic cells

Cells lacking a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles; found in bacteria and archaea.

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Plasma Membrane

A selective barrier around a cell, made of a phospholipid bilayer with proteins.

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Nucleus

Organelle containing the cell's DNA and controlling cell activities through gene expression.

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Ribosomes

Organelles responsible for protein synthesis.

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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

A network involved in synthesizing proteins and lipids.

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Golgi Apparatus

Processes and packages proteins for secretion or delivery.

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Mitochondria

Responsible for cellular respiration and ATP production.

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Lysosomes

Contains enzymes that break down cellular waste.

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Chloroplasts

Converts light energy into chemical energy (glucose).

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Central Dogma

Transcribing DNA into RNA, then translating RNA into protein.

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Natural Selection

Individuals with better-suited traits survive and reproduce more.

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Study Notes

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