Introduction to Biodiversity Quiz

Biodiversity is the variation of living forms on earth, including plants, animals, microorganisms, genes, and forming the complex ecosystem.

13 million

1.75 million

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Agricultural production</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protists are mostly aquatic, unicellular, eukaryotic organisms. They consist of membrane-bound cell organelles, like mitochondria, Plastids, and endoplasmic reticulum, and possess a double-stranded helical DNA contained within a nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protists can be photosynthetic, saprotrophic, parasitic, or holozoic, depending on their energy source and how they obtain nutrients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protists reproduce both sexually and asexually. Asexual methods include fission, budding, and conjugation, while sexual reproduction involves gamete formation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phytoplanktons are photosynthetic plants that constitute an important group of producers in aquatic environments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protozoa are microscopic, acellular animals. They are without tissues and organs. Protozoans are typically solitary or colonial in habit, possessing either one or multiple nuclei. They are usually microscopic and difficult to see with the naked eye.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protozoans are typically microscopic animals, with unicellular bodies containing one or multiple nuclei. Their bodies may be naked or covered with a pellicle, and some possess a shell or exoskeleton. They can be either solitary or colonial in habit, capable of performing essential bodily activities within their single cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protozoa exhibit various modes of nutrition, including isoholozoic, holophytic, saprozoic, and parasitic, depending on their food source and how they obtain nutrients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protozoa can use pseudopodia, flagella, cilia, or may be devoid of any locomotory organelles, adapting to different locomotion strategies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protozoans primarily reproduce through fission, which can be binary, multiple, or budding. Conjugation and syngamy are also observed as reproductive mechanisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protozoans are classified according to their locomotory organelles, which include pseudopodia, cilia, or flagella.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rhizopoda</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pseudopodia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amoeba and Entamoeba are examples of organisms belonging to the Rhizopoda class.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ciliata, which includes organisms like Paramecium and Vorticella, uses cilia for locomotion and food gathering.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cilia are the primary organelles for locomotion and food capture in Ciliata.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The body is typically covered by a thick pellicle, providing a protective and structural layer for Ciliata.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Paramecium</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flagellata</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flagella</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The body of Flagellata is typically covered by a thick pellicle that provides structural support.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Euglena</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sporozoa</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sporozoans reproduce primarily through multiple fission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monocystis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The four types of Plasmodium that cause malaria are Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium falciparum, and Plasmodium ovale.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plasmodium vivax causes benign fever, which occurs every 48 hours or on every third day.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plasmodium malariae causes quartan fever, which occurs every 72 hours or on every fourth day.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plasmodium falciparum causes fatal malaria, also known as malignant malaria or aestivo-autumnal malaria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plasmodium ovale causes mild or ovale malaria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Humans serve as the secondary host for Plasmodium, where asexual reproduction occurs. Female Anopheles mosquitoes are the primary host, harboring the sexual reproduction stage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A digenetic parasite requires two hosts to complete its life cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Schizogony</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sporogony</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sporozoite</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inoculative transference</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The life cycle of Plasmodium in humans is divided into three major cycles: the pre-erythrocytic cycle, the exo-erythrocytic cycle, and the erythrocytic cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>During the pre-erythrocytic cycle, sporozoites enter the liver cells, transform into cryptozoites, and undergo multiple fission to produce cryptomerozoites. Some of these cryptomerozoites may re-infect liver cells to continue the exo-erythrocytic cycle, while others enter red blood cells to begin the erythrocytic cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Macrometacryptozoites are larger metacryptozoites that divide to form 64 macrometacryptomerozoites, while micrometacryptozoites are smaller and produce between 100-1000 micrometacryptomerozoites.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pre-patent period is the time interval between the entry of Plasmodium into the blood and the onset of symptoms, typically ranging from 8 to 10 days.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The erythrocytic cycle involves the invasion of red blood cells (RBCs) by merozoites, followed by their growth and multiplication within the RBCs. The infected RBCs eventually burst, releasing new merozoites that can further infect other RBCs. During this cycle, symptoms of malaria develop due to the destruction of RBCs and release of toxic waste products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The erythrocytic cycle includes the trophozoite stage (feeding and growth), the signet ring stage (formation of a ring-shaped structure), the amoeboid stage (movement within the RBC), and the schizont stage (replication and production of new merozoites), culminating in the lysis of the infected RBC.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Haemozoin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Schuffner's dots are small dot-like structures that appear in the infected RBCs, particularly in the early stages of infection caused by Plasmodium vivax.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The incubation period for Plasmodium falciparum is typically shorter than other species, ranging from 9 to 30 days, with an average of 10-14 days.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conjugation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conjugants</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endoplasmic bridge</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Synkaryon</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exconjugants are two Paramecium cells that have separated after conjugation and have undergone further nuclear divisions to produce offspring. They are distinct from conjugants, which are the original cells undergoing conjugation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three main significances of conjugation in Paramecium are increase in number (reproduction), rejuvenation (regaining lost power), and variations (introducing genetic diversity) in offspring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plasmodium falciparum</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Humаns аre the intermediаte hosts, where аsexuаl reproduction occurs. Femаle аnopheline mosquitoes аre the definitive hosts, hаrboring the sexuаl reproduction stаge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The аverаge incubаtion period for Plаsmodium fаlciparum is 10-14 dаys, but it cаn rаnge from 9 to 30 dаys.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plаsmodium fаlciparum cаn cаuse а vаriety of symptoms including high fever, chills, sweаting, heаdаches, muscle pаin, аnd nаuseа. Severe cаses cаn leаd to аnemиа, kidney fаilure, аnd even deаth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pernicious mаlаriа</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blаck wаter fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mаlаriа control is chаllenging due to the complex lifecycle of the Plаsmodium pаrаsite, necessitаting а combinаtion of methods to tаrget both humаn hosts аnd mosquito vectors. The resilience of mosquitoes, the vаriаtion in mаlаriа severity, аnd the lаck of а widely аvаilаble vаccinаtion аll аdd to the difficulty in controlling mаlаriа.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mаlаriа control strаtegies include the destruction of mosquitoes by insect sprays, dаining аnd filling wаter sources to eliminаte mosquito breeding grounds, using mosquito nets for personаl protection, аnd аdministering аnti-mаlаriаl drugs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>P. caudatum is а common freе-living freshwаter ciliаte, often fоund in pondѕ аnd stаgnant wаters. It рlаyѕ аn importаnt role in the ecosystem by feeding on detritus and bаcteriа, helping to breаk down organic mаtter аnd contribute to the recyclinе of nutrients. This helps maintain the heаlth of the wаterbody аnd іѕ аn іmpоrtаnt pаrt of the food wеb.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>P. caudatum can be cultured in the laboratory by placing a small amount of pond water onto a petri dish that has been prepared with boiled hay or wheat and water at room temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pellicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pellicle is composed of hexagonal areas, with a small cilium protruding from the center of each area. Each cilium has a central axoneme, surrounded by protoplasm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trichocysts are spindle-shaped structures that discharge long adhesive threads when the Paramecium is irritated. It is thought that they primarily function in anchorage and defense.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Paramecium has two types of nuclei: the macronucleus and the micronucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The macronucleus is large, kidney-shaped, and lacks a nuclear membrane. It contains tropochromatin and controls most vegetative functions. The micronucleus is small, round, and has a nuclear membrane. It contains idiochromatin and is involved in reproduction. This kind of nuclear structure is called dimorphic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Paramecium can reproduce both asexually through transverse binary fission and sexually through conjugation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Binary fission in Paramecium involves the division of the micronucleus mitotically and the macronucleus amitotically. The cell then constricts in the middle, forming two daughter cells, each with a complete set of nuclei.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cilia in Paramecium are responsible for locomotion and ingestion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Caudal tuft</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kinetodesma</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conjugation occurs in Paramecium because after repeated binary fission, the animal loses its vigor and its ability to reproduce efficiently. This is related to a lower nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio (N/C ratio), which indicates a reduction in energy production and activity. Conjugation helps to regain energy and increase the N/C ratio, leading to rejuvenation.</p> Signup and view all the answers