Introduction to Biochemistry

Study Notes

Introduction to Biochemistry

Biochemistry is the study of the chemicals of living organisms.
It provides a fundamental understanding of how biological systems work.
Biochemistry is crucial in various fields like agriculture, medicine, fermentation, and nutrition.
It forms the basis for advancements like genetic engineering, biotechnology, and 'designer proteins'.
Biochemistry highlights the similarities among living organisms, unifying biology.

Elements Found in Living Organisms

16 elements are essential for life out of approximately 100 in the Earth's crust.
Hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen are the four most abundant elements, accounting for over 99% of the mass and atomic count in living organisms.
The elements are grouped into: chief elements, ions, and trace elements.
Chief elements are found in all organic molecules, and they are ordered by atomic mass in the table.
Ions are charged atoms, which are also present in all organisms.
Trace elements are present in small amounts but are still essential for life.

The Importance of Carbon

Life on Earth is primarily carbon-based.
All organic molecules contain carbon.
In 1828, Wöhler synthesized urea (an organic compound) from inorganic materials, disproving the theory of a special "life force" necessary for creating biochemicals.
Carbon forms strong covalent bonds with other elements, allowing it to create a diverse range of molecules.
Methane (CH4) is an example, showing carbon's ability to form four covalent bonds.

Description

This quiz explores the fundamental principles of biochemistry, including the essential elements found in living organisms. It delves into the role of biochemistry in various fields such as medicine and biotechnology. Test your knowledge on the key concepts and elements that form the basis of life.