Introduction to Bacteria and Metabolism

Slime moulds prefer moist, dark, and cool conditions, often found on debris and decaying organic matter.

Slime moulds are saprophytic and feed on microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, and decaying organic material.

Myxomycetes are true slime moulds characterized by a syncytial plasmodial stage, while Dictyostelia includes cellular slime moulds that do not form huge coenocytes.

<p>Some slime moulds are parasitic in the roots of the Brassicaceae family.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The spores of slime moulds have a cell wall made up of cellulose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Slime moulds resemble fungi but are classified under the kingdom Protista, whereas fungi belong to their own distinct kingdom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Slime mould spores can survive for many years under adverse conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the vegetative phase, the protoplast of slime moulds is not surrounded by a cell wall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water molds consist of branching structures called hyphae.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cell walls of water molds are made of cellulose, while true fungi have cell walls made of chitin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water molds are heterotrophic, obtaining nutrition by absorbing organic matter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water molds reproduce both sexually, forming oospores, and asexually, producing motile zoospores.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phytophthora infestans is a well-known example of a water mold that causes disease in plants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water molds help decompose organic matter and recycle nutrients in aquatic ecosystems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Viruses are small infectious agents composed of genetic material and a protein coat, not classified as living organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A virus is composed of genetic material, either DNA or RNA, and a protein coat called a capsid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Molds are filamentous and multicellular, composed of hyphae, while yeasts are unicellular.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Molds decompose dead organic matter, breaking down plant and animal material, which recycles nutrients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Archaea possess a unique RNA polymerase enzyme that differentiates them from bacteria and shares similarities with eukaryotes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Extremophiles are microorganisms within the Archaea domain that survive in extreme conditions, such as high heat, high salt, or acidic environments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Molds reproduce both sexually and asexually by producing spores, which are dispersed to form new colonies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Methanogenic archaea produce methane in anaerobic environments, which is a potent greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Molds are used in the production of cheese, soy sauce, and fermented foods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Archaea are found in a variety of habitats, including terrestrial and marine environments, hot springs, hydrothermal vents, salt flats, acidic lakes, and the human gut.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protists belong to the kingdom Protista and are primarily unicellular eukaryotic microorganisms with diverse forms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protozoa primarily feed on organic matter, bacteria, and other small particles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Some methanogenic archaea live in the intestines of certain animals, aiding in the digestion process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The unique properties and evolutionary significance of archaea provide insights into the origins of life and how biological adaptations to extreme environments occurred.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multicellularity allows molds to form extensive mycelium networks, enhancing their ability to colonize and decompose materials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protists can inhabit freshwater, marine, and soil environments, showcasing their ecological versatility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Archaea are critical in various biogeochemical cycles, such as the nitrogen cycle and carbon cycle, including the production of methane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The classification of archaea is evolving due to ongoing research and discoveries, revealing more about their diversity and taxonomy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Satellite viruses encode their own capsid proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Satellite RNAs can either enhance or interfere with the replication and symptoms caused by the helper virus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The helper virus provides essential functions like replication, encapsidation, and movement within the host.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Satellite infections can impact agricultural productivity by affecting the severity of viral diseases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Satellites have been primarily studied in the context of plant viruses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The main types are satellite viruses, satellite RNAs, and satellite DNAs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prions are composed of misfolded proteins, whereas satellite viruses have their own nucleic acid genomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The genome of a satellite is completely distinct and does not share sequence similarity with its helper virus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The feeding stage of cellular slime molds is a single-celled amoeboid that resembles amoebas due to their similar structure and movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They send out a cAMP-mediated chemical signal to attract nearby cells towards food sources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They reproduce asexually by spore formation when food is scarce.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water molds are classified in the kingdom Stramenopila and do not fit neatly into the categories of animals, plants, or fungi.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water molds possess eukaryotic cells with a defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water molds are predominantly found in freshwater and marine environments, thriving in moist conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water molds exhibit a filamentous growth pattern similar to that of fungi.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Examples of cellular slime molds include Dictyostelium and Acytostelium.</p> Signup and view all the answers