Introduction to Autonomic Nervous System
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Questions and Answers

Where does the synthesis of acetylcholine from choline occur?

  • In the extraneuronal sites
  • In the storage vesicles
  • In the neurotransmitter release sites
  • In the axoplasm (correct)
  • What process actively accumulates choline into the axoplasm of a neuron?

  • High-affinity choline uptake process (correct)
  • Cholinergic nerve terminal accumulation
  • Acetylcholine metabolism
  • Neurotransmitter release process
  • Where is acetylcholine actively accumulated after its synthesis?

  • Neuromuscular junction
  • Extraneuronal sites
  • Cholinergic neurons in CNS
  • Storage vesicles (correct)
  • What triggers the release of acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter?

    <p>Sufficient action potential stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is NOT a site where acetylcholine serves as the neurotransmitter?

    <p>Central nervous system (CNS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of cholinergic neurons in the CNS?

    <p>Regulation of sensory stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of peripheral sympathetic preganglionic nerves in relation to acetylcholine?

    <p>They generate action potentials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to acetylcholine after it is synthesized in the axoplasm?

    <p>It is actively transported into storage vesicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of choline uptake into the axoplasm?

    <p>Metabolism into ACh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enzyme is responsible for converting dopamine to norepinephrine in the sympathetic nerve terminals?

    <p>Dopamine-β hydroxylase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is norepinephrine retained until an action potential arrives at the sympathetic nerve terminal?

    <p>Associated with ATP in storage vesicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme catalyzes the N-methylation of norepinephrine to form epinephrine in the adrenal medulla?

    <p>Phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which cellular component does the synthesis of epinephrine occur in the adrenal medulla?

    <p>Cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of catecholamines in the adrenal medulla is accounted for by epinephrine in the human adult?

    <p>80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Dopamine β-hydroxylase represents the terminal enzyme in the biosynthesis of CA in the postganglionic sympathetic neuron.' Which enzyme serves a similar role for acetylcholine biosynthesis?

    <p>Choline acetyltransferase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'NE and epinephrine (EP) coexist in the adrenal medulla.' Why does this coexistence occur?

    <p>As a result of PNMT activity on NE leaked from varicosities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Cytoplasmic EP is then accumulated by the storage granule in the chromaffin cell.' What is the purpose of this accumulation?

    <p>To facilitate faster release of EP upon demand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary neurotransmitter released by adrenergic nerves?

    <p>Norepinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of acetylcoenzymeA in the synthesis of acetylcholine in cholinergic neurons?

    <p>Source of acetyl group for ACh synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

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