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Questions and Answers
What is the main goal of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)?
Reactive Machines store memories or past experiences for future actions.
False
What is the main application of AI in the finance industry?
Automation, chatbot, adaptive intelligence, algorithm trading, machine learning
Theory of Mind AI should understand human ____, beliefs, and be able to interact socially like humans.
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What does Artificial Intelligence (AI) mean?
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List three components of Intelligence as per the content.
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What are some straightforward applications of natural language processing? (Select all that apply)
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AI systems must be able to set goals and achieve them.
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AI platforms mimic the cognitive functions of human minds.
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What was one of the first examples of an Internet of Things?
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Artificial Intelligence exists when a machine can have human-based skills such as learning, reasoning, and solving ___.
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IoT ecosystem consists of web-enabled smart devices that use embedded processors, sensors, and hardware to collect, send, and act on __________ they acquire.
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Match the AI application with the correct example:
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Match the IoT tools with their descriptions:
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What are the four major components that comprise the architecture of IoT devices?
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Which type of motion sensor measures the rotational displacement of IoT devices?
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Augmented Reality overlays new information on top of the existing environment, unlike virtual reality.
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________ is the layer of IoT devices that implements and presents the results of data processing.
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What is one of the components of Microsoft HoloLens tool?
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Mixed Reality hardware is widely available in the mainstream consumer market.
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AR technology can be utilized through a variety of mediums including desktops, mobile devices, and smartphones. AR can be used to enhance content and instruction within the traditional ____________.
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Match the following AR applications with their descriptions:
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Study Notes
Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
- Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science that enables machines to think and behave like humans.
- AI can be defined as a man-made thinking power that can acquire knowledge, reason, learn, and solve problems.
Key Concepts in Artificial Intelligence
- Intelligence is composed of: reasoning, learning, perception, linguistic intelligence, and problem-solving.
- An AI system consists of an agent and its environment, with the agent being able to perceive its environment through sensors and act upon it through effectors.
- High-profile examples of AI include autonomous vehicles, medical diagnosis, creating art, and playing games like chess.
Need and Goals of Artificial Intelligence
- The need for AI arises from the desire to create expert systems that exhibit intelligent behavior, learn from experience, and apply knowledge.
- The goals of AI include replicating human intelligence, solving knowledge-intensive tasks, and creating a machine that can perform tasks that require human intelligence.
Disciplines Comprising Artificial Intelligence
- AI requires a multidisciplinary approach, combining mathematics, sociology, statistics, biology, neuron study, psychology, and computer science.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence
- Advantages of AI include:
- High accuracy with fewer errors
- High speed and fast decision-making
- High reliability
- Useful in risky areas
- Digitally assistant
- Public utility
- Disadvantages of AI include:
- High cost
- Limited creativity
- Lack of emotional intelligence
- Increase in dependence on machines
- Limited original creativity
History of Artificial Intelligence
- The history of AI can be divided into several eras, including:
- The maturation of AI (1943-1952)
- The birth of AI (1952-1956)
- The golden years (1956-1974)
- The first AI winter (1974-1980)
- A boom of AI (1980-1987)
- The second AI winter (1987-1993)
- The emergence of intelligent agents (1993-2011)
- Deep learning, big data, and artificial general intelligence (2011-present)
Levels of Artificial Intelligence
- There are seven levels of AI maturity, including:
- Stage 1: Rule-based systems
- Stage 2: Context awareness and retention
- Stage 3: Domain-specific expertise
- Stage 4: Reasoning machines
- Stage 5: Self-aware systems/artificial general intelligence
- Stage 6: Artificial superintelligence
- Stage 7: Singularity and transcendence
Types of Artificial Intelligence
- AI can be categorized into:
- Based on capabilities:
- Weak AI or Narrow AI
- General AI
- Super AI
- Based on functionality:
- Reactive machines
- Limited memory machines
- Theory of mind
- Self-awareness### Cloud Computing and API
- Based on capabilities:
- Cloud computing is a general term that describes the delivery of on-demand services, usually through the internet, on a pay-per-use basis.
- Companies worldwide offer their services to customers over cloud platforms, including data analysis, social media, video storage, e-commerce, and AI capabilities.
- Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) enable software components to communicate with each other easily.
- APIs abstract the underlying workings of a service, application, or tool, and expose only what a developer needs, making programming easier and faster.
The Emergence of Data Science
- Data science has emerged as a new profession that combines several disciplines, such as statistics, data analysis, machine learning, and others.
- The goal of data science is to extract knowledge or insights from data in various forms, either structured or unstructured.
- Data scientists use learning algorithms on patterns that emerge from large volumes of data.
Applications of AI
- AI has various applications in sectors such as:
- Agriculture: agriculture robotics, solid and crop monitoring, predictive analysis.
- Healthcare: diagnosis, and treatment planning.
- Education: automating grading, AI chatbots as teaching assistants.
- Finance and E-commerce: automation, chatbot, adaptive intelligence, algorithm trading, and machine learning.
- Gaming: strategic games like chess, where machines need to think of a large number of possible moves.
- Data Security: AI can be used to detect software bugs and cyber-attacks.
- Social Media: managing user profiles, and data analysis.
- Travel and Transportation: making travel arrangements, suggesting hotels, flights, and routes.
- Automotive Industry: providing virtual assistants for better performance.
- Robotics: creating intelligent robots that can perform tasks with their own experiences.
- Entertainment: AI-based applications in daily life with services like Netflix or Amazon.
AI Tools and Platforms
- AI platforms are defined as hardware architecture or software frameworks that allow software to run.
- These platforms simulate the cognitive functions that human minds perform, such as problem-solving, learning, reasoning, social intelligence, and general intelligence.
- Some AI platforms offer pre-built algorithms and simplistic workflows, while others require greater knowledge of development and coding.
- AI tools can include functionality for image recognition, natural language processing, and others.
Simple AI Application
- AI applications are used in various aspects of daily life, including:
- Commuting: Google's AI-powered predictions, ridesharing apps, and commercial flights.
- Email: spam filters, and smart email categorization.
- Social Networking: Pinterest, Instagram, and Snapchat.
- Online Shopping: recommendations, and search functionality.
- Mobile Use: voice-to-text, smart personal assistants, and smart speakers.
Introduction to IoT
- IoT is the networking of physical objects or "things" embedded with software, sensors, and network connectivity that enables them to collect and exchange data.
- IoT devices are designed to work in concert for people at home, in industry, or in the enterprise.
- IoT devices can be categorized into three main groups: consumer, enterprise, and industrial.
History of IoT
- The concept of IoT has been around since the early 1800s.
- The term "Internet of Things" was first used in 1999.
- IoT has evolved into a system using multiple technologies, including the internet, wireless communication, and embedded systems.
Advantages and Disadvantages of IoT
- Advantages: improved customer engagement, technology optimization, reduced waste, and enhanced data collection.
- Disadvantages: security concerns, lack of international standards, and complexity in managing and analyzing data.
Architecture of IoT
- The IoT ecosystem consists of four major components:
- Sensing layer: collects data from the real world using sensors.
- Network layer: acts as a communication channel to transfer data.
- Data processing layer: analyzes data and makes decisions.
- Application layer: implements and presents the results of data processing to accomplish various applications.
IoT Devices and Networks
- IoT devices are categorized into three main groups: consumer, enterprise, and industrial.
- Consumer devices include smart TVs, smart speakers, and wearable devices.
- Enterprise and industrial devices include smart meters, commercial security systems, and smart city technologies.### IoT in Enterprise and Smart Home
- In the enterprise, smart sensors in a conference room can help an employee locate and schedule an available room for a meeting, ensuring the proper room type, size, and features are available.
- IoT Platform Solutions are based on the Internet of Things and cloud technology and can be used in areas like smart home, city, enterprise, home automation, healthcare, or automotive.
- Applications of IoT include:
- Agriculture: monitoring microclimate, soil moisture, and nutrients, and controlling smart irrigation and fertilizer systems.
- Consumer Use: private IoT devices like wearables and smart homes make life easier.
- Healthcare: wearable IoT devices allow hospitals to monitor patients' health at home.
- Insurance: offering discounts for IoT wearables like Fitbit.
- Manufacturing: tracking products from factory floor to destination store using RFID and GPS technology.
- Retail: controlling warehouse automation and robotics using IoT sensors.
- Transportation: optimizing routes for trucks using GPS and traffic patterns.
- Utilities: monitoring environmental conditions like humidity, temperature, and lighting using IoT sensors.
IoT in Smart Cities
- In smart cities, IoT sensors can aid in innovations in energy management, traffic management, and security.
- Applications of IoT in smart cities include:
- Structural health monitoring
- Lighting management
- Safety monitoring
- Transportation management
- Waste management
- Greenhouse monitoring
- Animal tracking
- Compost monitoring
- Field monitoring
Augmented Reality
- Definition: Augmented Reality (AR) is a view of the physical real-world environment with superimposed computer-generated images, changing the perception of reality.
- Features:
- Integrates digital information with the user's environment in real-time.
- Convinces by ensuring virtual content aligns with real objects.
- Can be experienced using smartphones or special AR headsets.
- Examples of AR experiences include:
- Snapchat lenses
- Pokémon Go
Virtual Reality (VR) and Mixed Reality (MR)
- Virtual Reality (VR):
- Fully immersive
- Tricks senses into thinking you're in a different environment
- Uses head-mounted displays (HMD) or headset
- Mixed Reality (MR):
- Merging real and virtual worlds
- Interactive virtual and physical objects
- Requires advanced sensing and imaging technologies
- Key differences:
- VR is fully digital, immersive, and interactive
- AR overlays digital content on the real-world
- MR is a digital overlay that interacts with the real-world environment
Architecture of AR Systems
- Infrastructure Tracker Unit: collects data from the real world and sends it to the Processing Unit
- Processing Unit: mixes virtual content with real-world content and sends the result to the Visual Unit
- Visual Unit:
- Video see-through: uses a Head-Mounted Display (HMD) that employs video-mixing
- Optical see-through: uses an HMD that employs optical combiners
AR, VR, and MR Applications
- Education:
- Interactive lessons
- Higher engagement
- Higher retention
- Boost intellectual curiosity
- Medicine:
- Improving healthcare
- Enhanced surgery
- Diagnosis
- Diabetes management
- Navigation
- Entertainment:
- Games
- Music
- TV
- eSports
- Theater
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of artificial intelligence, its eras, types and approaches, as well as its applications in various fields. It also explores the factors that influenced its advancement in recent years.
