Introduction to Art and Music

• Ars means skill

Divisions of Art

• Practical (Applied) art focuses on the design and decoration of functional objects
• Fine art (Beaux arts) is primarily concerned with aesthetics and appreciation of good taste

Art Forms

• Music
• Dance
• Architecture
• Visual Arts (Sculpture and Painting)
• Film
• Theater
• Literature

Music

• Music is the organized movement of sounds through time

Music Disciplines

• Acoustics is the science of the physical properties of sound
• Psychoacoustics studies how sounds are interpreted
• Theories attempt to codify the elements, techniques, and genres of music
• Musicology traces the historical development of styles and forms
• Aesthetics examines artistic values and judgments
• Production involves the creation and manufacture of music as a product
• Tone serves as the minimal unit of musical organization
• Melody comprises a succession of individual tones
• A rhythmically organized sequence of tones makes up a particular phrase or idea
• The main theme is also known as the main melody
• Harmony involves groups of tones sounded together
• Rhythm is the pulse marking off divisions of time
• Variation is the modification or elaboration of a theme
• Variation can occur by embellishing the melody
• Variation can occur altering time or rhythm
• Variation can occur through harmonization
• Variation can occur by altering the instrumentation

Musical Periods

• Medieval Period: c. 500-1350 AD
• Renaissance: early 13th to late 16th century
• Baroque: 1600-1750, composers include Antonio Vivaldi, Johann Sebastian Bach, and George Frederic Handel
• Classical: 1750-1825, composers include Franz Josef Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and Ludwig van Beethoven
• Romantic: 1820-1900, composers include Frederic Chopin, Franz Liszt, and Giuseppe Verdi
• Modern Period (20th century): composers include Giacomo Puccini, Sergei Rachmaninoff, and John Cage

Medieval Music

• Plainsong/plain chant greatly influenced all other music in the Middle Ages
• Also known as Gregorian chant in honor of Pope Gregory
• Pope Gregory was responsible for the collection and codification of plainsongs
• Characteristics of plainsong/plain chant:
• Monodic (single melody)
• Unaccompanied
• Free rhythm

Renaissance Music

• The rise of the English madrigal and the French chanson occurred
• More national and secular music emerged, not bound by monastic restrictions

Baroque Music

• Barocco initially described something considered exaggerated and unnatural
• It is characterized by a profusion of ornamentation and great intensification
• The rise of the opera occurred
• Opera emerged in the Baroque period

Classical Music

• Classical Music is more concerned with formal problems than with expressing emotions
• The focus lies on the complexity of style and form
• New elements introduced include contrasts of dynamics and tempo within movements
• Viennese Classical School:
• Franz Josef Haydn
• Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
• Ludwig van Beethoven

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

• Born in Salzburg on January 27, 1756
• Died in Vienna on December 5, 1791
• K/Kv: Ludwig Kochel assigned numbers in 1851 in chronological order of Mozart's works
• Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's father - Leopold
• Sonata is a composition for one or more solo instruments, often with a keyboard, usually consisting of 3 or 4 independent movements varying in key, mood, and tempo
• Andante grazioso is a theme with six variations
• Menuetto is a minuet
• Rondo alla Turca-Allegretto
• Rondo is a musical form in which the first section is repeated before each new section or episode
• Rondo is a composition, vocal or instrumental, of a lively, cheerful character, in which the first strain recurs after each of the other strains
• alla Turca means in Turkish style.

Requiem

• Requiem is a Roman Catholic service for the dead
• Oftentimes Requiem will be called services, musical works, or ceremonies are performed in honor of the dead.

Lucio San Pedro

• National Artist who championed the philosophy of Creative Nationalism in music.

Explore the divisions of art, including practical and fine arts. Delve into various art forms such as music, dance, architecture, visual arts, film, theater, and literature. Learn about music disciplines like acoustics, psychoacoustics, and musicology.