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Questions and Answers
What is the main focus of archaeology?
What is the main focus of archaeology?
- The study of weather patterns
- The study of past lifeways of human groups (correct)
- The study of ancient animals
- The study of modern technology
How far back in time can archaeology study according to the text?
How far back in time can archaeology study according to the text?
- 6-7 million years (correct)
- 100,000 years
- 10 million years
- 1 million years
What is prehistory according to the text?
What is prehistory according to the text?
- The time before the appearance of written records (correct)
- The time before agriculture was practiced
- The time before the internet existed
- The time before the invention of fire
Which of the following is part of the archaeological record?
Which of the following is part of the archaeological record?
What is a challenge inherent in learning about past lifeways through archaeology?
What is a challenge inherent in learning about past lifeways through archaeology?
What are some components of the archaeological record according to the text?
What are some components of the archaeological record according to the text?
What term is used to describe the arrangements between individuals and groups in human society that structure relationships and activities?
What term is used to describe the arrangements between individuals and groups in human society that structure relationships and activities?
Which aspect of society concerns relations between women & men and among different segments of society like families, age groups, and labor units?
Which aspect of society concerns relations between women & men and among different segments of society like families, age groups, and labor units?
What is a conceptual framework by which people structure their ideas about the order of the universe and their relationships among themselves and with objects?
What is a conceptual framework by which people structure their ideas about the order of the universe and their relationships among themselves and with objects?
Which of the following is NOT an example of expressing ideology through art & architecture from the Old World mentioned in the text?
Which of the following is NOT an example of expressing ideology through art & architecture from the Old World mentioned in the text?
In what type of society are individuals divided into classes based on distinctions like wealth, occupation, or social status?
In what type of society are individuals divided into classes based on distinctions like wealth, occupation, or social status?
Which of the following is NOT a New World example mentioned for expressing ideology through art & architecture?
Which of the following is NOT a New World example mentioned for expressing ideology through art & architecture?
What is the main focus of technology in archaeology?
What is the main focus of technology in archaeology?
What is the primary concern of the economy aspect in archaeology?
What is the primary concern of the economy aspect in archaeology?
What are the most common archaeological remains that archaeologists find?
What are the most common archaeological remains that archaeologists find?
What is the primary purpose of radiocarbon (C14) dating in archaeology?
What is the primary purpose of radiocarbon (C14) dating in archaeology?
What do ecofacts refer to in archaeology?
What do ecofacts refer to in archaeology?
What is the focus of the Law of Superposition in geology?
What is the focus of the Law of Superposition in geology?
Study Notes
Archaeology's Focus
- Archaeology aims to understand past human lifeways by studying material remains.
Time Depth
- It reaches back beyond written history, exploring human activity from the Stone Age to the present.
Prehistory
- Refers to the period before written records, which archaeology focuses on.
Archaeological Record Components
- Artifacts: Objects created or modified by humans (tools, pottery, jewelry).
- Ecofacts: Natural materials used or affected by humans (animal bones, plant remains, soil).
- Features: Non-portable remains (pits, hearths, house foundations, walls).
Understanding Past Lifeways
- Interpreting past human behaviors from material remains poses a challenge, as context is crucial.
Social Organization
- Social organization refers to the structure of relationships and activities in human societies.
Gender and Social Relations
- Social relations encompass the dynamics between women and men, and among different society segments (families, age groups, labor units).
Ideology
- Represents the conceptual framework through which people understand the universe, relationships, and objects.
Ideology in Art & Architecture
- Examples of expressing ideology include:
- Temples in ancient Egypt reflecting religious beliefs.
- Stonehenge in Britain possibly functioning as a calendar or observing astronomical events.
- The pyramids of Mesoamerica symbolizing power and rulership.
- The pyramids of Egypt embodying religious beliefs and divine power.
Class-based Society
- Class-based societies differentiate individuals based on wealth, occupation, or social status.
New World Ideology in Art & Architecture
- Examples of expressing ideology:
- Machu Picchu in Peru, reflecting the Inca Empire's power and rulership.
- Teotihuacan in Mexico, showcasing its religious beliefs and social organization.
- The Nazca Lines in Peru, possibly representing astronomical alignments or ritual pathways.
- Cahokia, a Mississippian culture center in North America, embodying religious and social significance.
Archaeological Technology
- Focuses on the instruments and techniques used by past humans to produce objects and tools.
Economy
- Examines how past societies produced, distributed, and consumed resources.
Common Archaeological Remains
- The most abundant remains include pottery, stone tools, animal bones, plant remains, and human burials.
Radiocarbon Dating
- Radiocarbon dating primarily aids in determining the age of organic materials within a specified time range.
Ecofacts
- Ecofacts in archaeology refer to natural remains altered or utilized by humans.
Law of Superposition
- The Law of Superposition focuses on understanding the chronological arrangement of geological layers, with older layers typically found beneath younger layers.
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Description
Test your understanding of key concepts covered in Unit 1 of ASB 223 - Introduction to Archaeology with Dr. Dean H. Wheeler at Glendale Community College. Topics include defining archaeology, prehistory, methods of archaeological fieldwork, and components of the archaeological record.
