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Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of anthropology as a discipline?
Which term refers to the process of adopting culture from one generation to the next?
How does language influence personal identity according to anthropological views?
Which of the following best describes enculturation?
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What does the term 'mother tongue' predominantly signify in the context of enculturation?
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Which aspect does not contribute to an individual's enculturation?
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The concept of 'collective identity' refers to which of the following?
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In what way can a farming village enculturate its residents?
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What is meant by the term 'collective identity'?
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How does living in a rural area typically affect behavior?
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What challenge might a person face regarding collective identity?
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Which environmental influence is associated with childhood experiences on an island?
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What does 'personal identity' signify in this context?
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What behavior is typically observed in city dwellers due to their environment?
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Which statement about 'Filipino time' best represents its implication?
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How do collective identities manifest in communities?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Anthropology
- Anthropology examines human diversity across time and space.
- It investigates humans as physical, cultural, linguistic, and historical entities.
- Considered both the most scientific of social sciences and the most social of scientific sciences.
Concept of the Self
- Personal identity is influenced by cultural factors.
- Critical terms:
- Enculturation: Internalizing culture from one generation to the next.
- Collective identity: Group behaviors and perceptions within a cultural group.
- Personal identity: Individual understanding and expression of self.
- Acculturation: Adopting cultural traits from another culture.
Enculturation
- Begins at birth; culture is inherited from parents.
- Influenced by local customs, traditions, and community practices.
- Language acquisition reflects enculturation; for instance, Cebuano for those born in Cebu City.
- Culture encompasses more than language; livelihood and environment shape experiences.
- E.g., growing up in a farming community leads to familiarity with agricultural terms and practices.
- Environmental factors:
- Island or coastal living may promote swimming skills.
- Mountainous areas influence communication styles and behaviors.
Collective Identity
- Derived from common behaviors and characteristics within a cultural group.
- Example: Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) are recognized for their hardworking nature.
- Negative aspects of collective identity can create discomfort; for example, "Filipino time" refers to a cultural stereotype of tardiness.
- Individuals may struggle against negative collective identities to assert their personal identity.
Personal Identity
- Refers to the individual's distinct sense of self, separate from collective identity.
- Personal identity can evolve through resistance to undesirable communal traits.
- Engagement with cultural norms and expectations shapes one's understanding of self in contrast to group identity.
Conclusion
- Anthropology offers insights into how culture influences individual and collective identities.
- Understanding enculturation and identity formation helps reveal the complexity of human social interactions and cultural perceptions.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of anthropology as a discipline that studies human diversity across time and space. We explore various aspects such as physical, cultural, linguistic, and historical dimensions but do not delve deeply into each subdiscipline. It aims to show how anthropology intersects science and social sciences.