Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which part of the nervous system is primarily responsible for voluntary control?
Which part of the nervous system is primarily responsible for voluntary control?
What is the primary function of the autonomic nervous system?
What is the primary function of the autonomic nervous system?
Which structure of the central nervous system is encased in bone?
Which structure of the central nervous system is encased in bone?
What connects the two cerebral hemispheres?
What connects the two cerebral hemispheres?
Signup and view all the answers
What part of the brain is responsible for the fight or flight response?
What part of the brain is responsible for the fight or flight response?
Signup and view all the answers
Which part of the central nervous system includes the nuclei of the 9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th cranial nerves?
Which part of the central nervous system includes the nuclei of the 9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th cranial nerves?
Signup and view all the answers
Which division of the nervous system is involved in both the sensory and motor pathways?
Which division of the nervous system is involved in both the sensory and motor pathways?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following structures is NOT part of the brainstem?
Which of the following structures is NOT part of the brainstem?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the length of the spinal cord in an adult?
What is the length of the spinal cord in an adult?
Signup and view all the answers
At what vertebral level does the spinal cord end in a newborn?
At what vertebral level does the spinal cord end in a newborn?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following layers is the outermost layer of the meninges?
Which of the following layers is the outermost layer of the meninges?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the two types of spinal cord enlargements?
What are the two types of spinal cord enlargements?
Signup and view all the answers
Where is the spinal cord located?
Where is the spinal cord located?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following structures is NOT a protective barrier for the central nervous system?
Which of the following structures is NOT a protective barrier for the central nervous system?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the arachnoid mater separate from the pia mater?
What does the arachnoid mater separate from the pia mater?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the total number of segments in the spinal cord?
What is the total number of segments in the spinal cord?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
What is the main function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
Signup and view all the answers
Which meningeal layer is the outermost and strongest?
Which meningeal layer is the outermost and strongest?
Signup and view all the answers
How many pairs of cranial nerves are directly connected to the brain?
How many pairs of cranial nerves are directly connected to the brain?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of the arachnoid matter?
What is the role of the arachnoid matter?
Signup and view all the answers
Which cranial nerve is responsible for hearing?
Which cranial nerve is responsible for hearing?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of nerves carry somatic sensory information such as touch and pain?
What type of nerves carry somatic sensory information such as touch and pain?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following spaces is found between the dura and arachnoid matters?
Which of the following spaces is found between the dura and arachnoid matters?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of cranial nerve is the vagus nerve classified as?
What type of cranial nerve is the vagus nerve classified as?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the volume of cerebrospinal fluid in the human body?
What is the volume of cerebrospinal fluid in the human body?
Signup and view all the answers
Which spinal nerve component originates from the spinal cord?
Which spinal nerve component originates from the spinal cord?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Introduction to Anatomy - Nervous System
- The nervous system controls all bodily functions
- It is composed of specialized nerve cells called neurons.
- Neurons receive stimuli and send impulses to effectors (muscles or glands).
Divisions of the Nervous System
- The nervous system is divided into three main parts:
- Central Nervous System (CNS):
- Brain
- Spinal cord
- Peripheral Nervous System (PNS):
- Cranial nerves
- Spinal nerves
- Autonomic Nervous System (ANS):
- Sympathetic nervous system (fight-or-flight response)
- Parasympathetic nervous system (rest-and-digest response)
- Central Nervous System (CNS):
Protection of the CNS
- The brain and spinal cord are protected by:
- Skull and vertebral column
- Meninges (dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater)
- Cerebrospinal fluid
The Brain
-
Parts of the brain:
- Cerebrum: Divided into two hemispheres connected by the corpus callosum. Each hemisphere has a lateral ventricle.
- Cerebellum: Composed of two hemispheres connected by the vermis.
- Brainstem: Contains the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.
-
Lobes of the cerebrum:
- Frontal lobe
- Parietal lobe
- Temporal lobe
- Occipital lobe
The Spinal Cord
- Begins as a continuation of the medulla oblongata at the base of the skull.
- Ends at:
- In newborns: at the level of the third lumbar vertebra (L3).
- In adults: at the lower border of L1.
- Location: Upper two-thirds of the vertebral canal.
- Length: 45 cm in males and 42 cm in females.
- Segments: 31 segments giving rise to 31 pairs of spinal nerves.
- Enlargements:
- Cervical enlargement: Origin of brachial plexus.
- Lumbosacral enlargement: Origin of lumbosacral plexus.
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
- Definition: Fluid filling the ventricles and subarachnoid space.
- Volume: ~130 ml
- Function:
- Reduces brain weight
- Drains waste products
- Protects the central nervous system
- Regulates intracranial pressure
Peripheral Nervous System
- Composed of:
- Cranial nerves (12 pairs)
- Spinal nerves (31 pairs)
- Ganglia
Cranial Nerves
- 12 pairs connected to the brain.
- Classifications:
- Sensory nerves
- Special sensory nerves
- Motor nerves
- Mixed nerves
Spinal Nerves
- 31 pairs originating from the spinal cord.
Autonomic Nervous System
- Part of the nervous system controlling involuntary functions (heart, smooth muscles, glands).
- Distributed through central and peripheral nervous system.
- Two divisions:
- Sympathetic system (thoracolumbar outflow):
- Prepares the body for an emergency (fight or flight).
- Increases heart rate, blood pressure, inhibits peristalsis, and closes sphincters.
- Parasympathetic system (craniosacral outflow):
- Responsible for restoring energy
- Decreases heart rate, increases peristalsis, and opens sphincters.
- Sympathetic system (thoracolumbar outflow):
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the nervous system, including its divisions and protective mechanisms. This quiz covers the central, peripheral, and autonomic nervous systems, as well as the structure and function of neurons. Understand how these components work together to control bodily functions.
