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Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of the study of anatomy?
What is the primary focus of the study of anatomy?
Which of the following best describes the anatomical position?
Which of the following best describes the anatomical position?
What is the purpose of anatomical planes in the study of anatomy?
What is the purpose of anatomical planes in the study of anatomy?
Which of the following terms refers to a horizontal plane dividing the body into upper and lower parts?
Which of the following terms refers to a horizontal plane dividing the body into upper and lower parts?
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Which term is not associated with the fundamental concepts taught in anatomy?
Which term is not associated with the fundamental concepts taught in anatomy?
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What is the correct anatomical position for the hands?
What is the correct anatomical position for the hands?
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In the anatomical position, what is the orientation of the feet?
In the anatomical position, what is the orientation of the feet?
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What is the appropriate position for the face in the anatomical position?
What is the appropriate position for the face in the anatomical position?
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Which statement best describes the mouth in the anatomical position?
Which statement best describes the mouth in the anatomical position?
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Which of the following is NOT a criterion of the anatomical position?
Which of the following is NOT a criterion of the anatomical position?
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Flashcards
What is anatomy?
What is anatomy?
The study of the structure of the body and its parts.
What is the anatomical position?
What is the anatomical position?
A standard reference position where the body is standing upright, arms at the sides, palms facing forward, and feet together.
What are anatomical planes?
What are anatomical planes?
Imaginary flat surfaces that divide the body into sections.
What is the sagittal plane?
What is the sagittal plane?
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What is the transverse plane?
What is the transverse plane?
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Palm
Palm
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Sole
Sole
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Anatomical Position
Anatomical Position
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Hands by the side
Hands by the side
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Feet together
Feet together
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Study Notes
Introduction of Anatomy
- Anatomy is the science of the structure and function of the body.
Objectives of Lecture
- Define Anatomy
- Define the anatomical position
- Describe important planes and sections
The Anatomical Position
- The standard reference position of the body used to describe the location of structures.
- Hands by the side
- Feet together
- Face looking forward
- Mouth closed
- Facial expression neutral
- Palms face forward with fingers straight
- Toes point forward
- Note: Palm & Sole (راحة اليد, راحة القدم)
Anatomical Planes
- A hypothetical plane used to transect the body in order to describe the location of the structure.
- Coronal plane: divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.
- Sagittal plane: divides the body into right and left parts
- Median plane: divides the body into equal right and left halves
- Transverse, horizontal, or axial plane; divides the body into superior and inferior parts.
Anatomical Sections
- Longitudinal section: runs length wise or parallel to the axis of the body or any of its parts.
- Transverse section (cross section): are slices of the body or parts.
- Oblique sections: are slices of the body or parts that are not cut along the listed anatomical planes.
Terms of Relationship
- Anterior & posterior: describe the position of structures relative to the 'front' and 'back' of the body
- Anterior: nearer to the front
- Posterior: nearer to the back
- In the trunk (ventral-dorsal)
- In the palm (palmar-dorsal)
- Superior & inferior: describe structures in reference to the vertical axis of the body
- Superior: nearer to the vertex
- Inferior: nearer to the sole
- Medial & lateral: describe the position of structures relative to the median plane
- Medial: nearer to the median plane
- Lateral: away from the median plane
- Proximal & distal: used with reference to the origin or attachment of a structure, particularly in the limbs
- Proximal: nearer to origin
- Distal: away from origin
- Superficial & deep: describe the relative positions of structures with respect to the surface of the body
- Superficial: nearer to surface
- Deep: away from surface
- External & internal: describe the position in relation to the center
- External: away from center
- Internal: nearer to center
Hand
- Parts of the hand include: palm, back, nails, fingers, knuckles, and wrist.
Part of the Hand
- Detailed parts of the hand including index finger, middle finger, ring finger, little finger, thumb.
Note of the Prefix
- uni=1
- bi=2
- tri=3
- tetra=4
- penta=5
- hexa=6
Terms of Laterality
- Bilateral: paired structure present on both sides (e.g., kidneys)
- Unilateral: unpaired structure present on one side (e.g., spleen)
- Ipsilateral: relating things to the same side of the body
- Contralateral: relating things to the different side of the body
Terms Related to Movement
- Joint: site where two or more bones come together
- Types of joints:
- No movement (e.g., sutures of the skull)
- Slight movement (e.g., superior tibiofibular joint)
- Freely movable (e.g., shoulder joint)
Movements
- Flexion: a movement that takes place in a sagittal plane
- Extension: straightening the joint, usually in a posterior direction
- Abduction: movement of a limb away from the midline of the body in the coronal plane
- Adduction: movement of a limb toward the body in the coronal plane
- Medial rotation: movement that results in the anterior surface of the part facing medially
- Lateral rotation: movement that results in the anterior surface of the part facing laterally
- Supination: palm faces up
- Pronation: palm faces down
- Inversion: movement of the sole of the foot inward (medially)
- Eversion: movement of the sole of the foot outward (laterally)
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of anatomy, including the definition, anatomical position, and the various planes and sections used to describe the human body. Understand key terms and their significance in the study of human structure and function.
