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Questions and Answers
What is the general formula of alcohols containing one -OH group?
What is the general formula of alcohols containing one -OH group?
- R-OH (correct)
- $C_nH_{2n+1}OH$ (correct)
- Ar-OH
- R-O-R
Monohydric alcohols contain more than one -OH group.
Monohydric alcohols contain more than one -OH group.
False (B)
What are alcohols with two -OH groups called?
What are alcohols with two -OH groups called?
Dihydric alcohols or diols.
Which type of alcohol has the hydroxyl group attached to a primary carbon atom?
Which type of alcohol has the hydroxyl group attached to a primary carbon atom?
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Match the following types of alcohols with their definitions:
Match the following types of alcohols with their definitions:
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Study Notes
Overview of Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers
- Alcohols, phenols, and ethers are derivatives of water.
- In alcohols, one hydrogen is replaced by an alkyl group (R-OH).
- In phenols, one hydrogen is replaced by an aryl group (Ar-OH).
- In ethers, both hydrogens are replaced by alkyl or aryl groups (Ar/R-O-R/Ar).
Alcohols
- Characterized by a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to an aliphatic carbon atom.
- General formula: R-OH or CnH2n+1OHC_nH_{2n+1}OHCn​H2n+1​OH.
- Common examples: Methyl alcohol (CH₃OH), Ethyl alcohol (C₂H₅OH).
Types of Alcohols
- Monohydric alcohols contain one -OH group.
- Polyhydric alcohols contain more than one -OH group; further divided into:
- Dihydric alcohols (glycols) with two -OH groups.
- Trihydric alcohols (triols) with three -OH groups.
- Dihydric alcohols are often sweet-tasting (from Greek "glycys").
Classification of Monohydric Alcohols
- Monohydric alcohols can be classified based on the carbon atom to which the hydroxyl group is attached:
- Primary (1°) alcohols: Hydroxyl group attached to a primary carbon.
- Secondary (2°) alcohols: Hydroxyl group attached to a secondary carbon.
- Tertiary (3°) alcohols: Hydroxyl group attached to a tertiary carbon.
Nomenclature of Alcohols
- Alcohols can be named using common names or the IUPAC naming system.
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