Introduction to AI: Chapter 4 - Knowledge Representation and Reasoning Quiz

Study Notes

Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KRR)

Knowledge-based agents are intelligent agents that have an explicit representation of knowledge that can be reasoned with.
An intelligent agent needs knowledge about the real world for taking decisions and reasoning to act efficiently.

Logic in AI

Logic is a vital tool to think about how computers store knowledge.
Logic is a formal language in which knowledge can be expressed.
In Artificial Intelligence, the representation of knowledge is done via logic.

Types of Logic

Propositional Logic (PL): the simplest form of logic where all statements are made by propositions.
Predicate Logic (First-order Logic): more expressive than propositional logic, can specify general statements concerning similar cases.

Propositional Logic

A proposition is a declarative statement that is either true or false.
Propositional logic may be viewed as a representation language that allows us to express and reason with statements that are either true or false.
Syntax of propositional logic defines the allowable sentences for knowledge representation.
Two types of propositions:
- Atomic Propositions: simple propositions consisting of a single proposition symbol.
- Compound Propositions: constructed by combining simpler or atomic propositions using logical operators.

Inference in Propositional Logic

Inference is generating conclusions from evidence and facts.
Inference rules are templates for generating valid arguments.
Implication, Converse, Contrapositive, and Inverse are terminologies related to inference rules.

First-order/Predicate Logic

A limitation of propositional logic is the impossibility to express general statements concerning similar cases.
Predicate logic is concerned with the internal structure of sentences.
It plays a crucial role in knowledge representation, which is a field within artificial intelligence and philosophy concerned with representing knowledge.

Knowledge-Based Agents

Knowledge-based agents are those agents that have the capability of:
- Maintaining an internal state of knowledge.
- Reasoning over that knowledge.
- Updating their knowledge after observations.
- Taking actions.
Knowledge-based agents are composed of two main parts:
- Knowledge-base.
- Inference system.
The architecture of knowledge-based agents includes:
- Perception of the environment.
- Incorporation of new percepts.
- Update of the internal representation of the world.
- Reasoning of appropriate actions.

Description

Test your understanding of knowledge representation and reasoning in artificial intelligence, as covered in Chapter 4 of the Introduction to Artificial Intelligence course at Wolaita Sodo University's School of Informatics. Explore concepts like knowledge-based agents and logical reasoning in this quiz.