10 Questions
What distinguishes expert systems as a type of knowledge-based system?
Reliance on human expertise
Which problem-solving method is characteristic of rule-based systems?
Encoding expert knowledge as rules
What does a case-based system substitute for rules in problem-solving?
Cases
What is the main capability of knowledge-based agents according to the text?
Reasoning over internal knowledge
What are the two main components that constitute a knowledge-based agent?
Knowledge-base and Inference system
What must a knowledge-based agent be able to do in relation to states/situations according to the text?
Represent them
How does a knowledge-based agent update its internal representation of the world?
By incorporating new percepts
What kind of actions should a knowledge-based agent reason appropriately according to the text?
Appropriate actions
What information does a knowledge-based agent take input from according to the text?
The environment by perceiving it
What is essential for an intelligent agent's decision-making according to the text?
Knowledge about the real world
Study Notes
Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KRR)
- Knowledge-based agents are intelligent agents that have an explicit representation of knowledge that can be reasoned with.
- An intelligent agent needs knowledge about the real world for taking decisions and reasoning to act efficiently.
Logic in AI
- Logic is a vital tool to think about how computers store knowledge.
- Logic is a formal language in which knowledge can be expressed.
- In Artificial Intelligence, the representation of knowledge is done via logic.
Types of Logic
- Propositional Logic (PL): the simplest form of logic where all statements are made by propositions.
- Predicate Logic (First-order Logic): more expressive than propositional logic, can specify general statements concerning similar cases.
Propositional Logic
- A proposition is a declarative statement that is either true or false.
- Propositional logic may be viewed as a representation language that allows us to express and reason with statements that are either true or false.
- Syntax of propositional logic defines the allowable sentences for knowledge representation.
- Two types of propositions:
- Atomic Propositions: simple propositions consisting of a single proposition symbol.
- Compound Propositions: constructed by combining simpler or atomic propositions using logical operators.
Inference in Propositional Logic
- Inference is generating conclusions from evidence and facts.
- Inference rules are templates for generating valid arguments.
- Implication, Converse, Contrapositive, and Inverse are terminologies related to inference rules.
First-order/Predicate Logic
- A limitation of propositional logic is the impossibility to express general statements concerning similar cases.
- Predicate logic is concerned with the internal structure of sentences.
- It plays a crucial role in knowledge representation, which is a field within artificial intelligence and philosophy concerned with representing knowledge.
Knowledge-Based Agents
- Knowledge-based agents are those agents that have the capability of:
- Maintaining an internal state of knowledge.
- Reasoning over that knowledge.
- Updating their knowledge after observations.
- Taking actions.
- Knowledge-based agents are composed of two main parts:
- Knowledge-base.
- Inference system.
- The architecture of knowledge-based agents includes:
- Perception of the environment.
- Incorporation of new percepts.
- Update of the internal representation of the world.
- Reasoning of appropriate actions.
Test your understanding of knowledge representation and reasoning in artificial intelligence, as covered in Chapter 4 of the Introduction to Artificial Intelligence course at Wolaita Sodo University's School of Informatics. Explore concepts like knowledge-based agents and logical reasoning in this quiz.
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