Intro to Science: Principles & Branches

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Questions and Answers

Which core principle of science emphasizes the importance of independently verifying experimental results?

  • Objectivity
  • Reproducibility (correct)
  • Falsifiability
  • Skepticism

A researcher observes that plants grow taller in sunny areas compared to shady areas. According to the scientific method, what is the next step?

  • Formulate a hypothesis about the relationship between sunlight and plant growth. (correct)
  • Conclude that sunlight is essential for plant growth.
  • Publish the observation in a scientific journal.
  • Develop a mathematical model to describe plant growth.

Which branch of science primarily investigates the composition, structure, properties, and reactions of matter?

  • Chemistry (correct)
  • Earth Science
  • Physics
  • Biology

In scientific research, what is the primary goal of striving for objectivity?

<p>To minimize bias in observations and interpretations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following fields relies most heavily on mathematical models and abstract structures for its development?

<p>Computer Science (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is falsifiability considered a crucial aspect of scientific theories?

<p>It allows theories to be tested and potentially disproven through experimentation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A study indicates a strong correlation between ice cream sales and crime rates. What should a scientist do next?

<p>Design experiments to investigate potential causal links and confounding variables. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which discipline involves the use of data analysis and interpretation to draw conclusions and make predictions?

<p>Statistics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A researcher notes the color and texture of several rock samples. What type of data is being collected?

<p>Qualitative data (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between scientific theories and scientific laws?

<p>Theories explain why phenomena occur, while laws describe what happens. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A study's findings are published without disclosing that the research was funded by a company that would directly benefit from the results. What ethical concern does this situation exemplify?

<p>Conflict of interest (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct order of steps in the scientific method?

<p>Hypothesis, Experimentation, Analysis, Conclusion, Communication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If multiple measurements are taken, how would you describe having high precision and low accuracy?

<p>Measurements are repeatable but far from the true value. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a scientific model that uses mathematical equations to describe relationships between variables?

<p>Mathematical model (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the scientific standard unit of measurement for temperature?

<p>Kelvin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ethical principle is most directly violated when a researcher uses another scientist's published data in their own publication without giving credit?

<p>Plagiarism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The development of vaccines to prevent diseases is which impact of science on society?

<p>Advancements in medicine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A researcher wants to determine the average height of students in a school. Which statistical measure would be most appropriate?

<p>Mean (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In an experiment to test the effectiveness of a new fertilizer, a scientist applies the fertilizer to one group of plants and not to another. What is the group of plants that does not receive the fertilizer called?

<p>Control group (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a student is measuring the length of a desk using a ruler, which unit of measurement would be most appropriate according to SI units?

<p>Meter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does communication play in the scientific process?

<p>Allows scientists to share their findings and collaborate. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the closest to one kilogram based on the list of items?

<p>Mass of a textbook (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A new technology is developed based on existing scientific knowledge. What term describes the process of designing, constructing, and maintaining this type of technology?

<p>Engineering (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is Science?

A systematic approach to understanding the natural world through observation, experimentation, and analysis.

Empirical Evidence

Data gathered through observation and experimentation.

Objectivity in Science

Minimizing bias in observations and interpretations.

Skepticism

Questioning existing knowledge and exploring alternative explanations.

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Reproducibility

Experimental results can be independently verified by other scientists.

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Falsifiability

Scientific theories must be testable and potentially proven false through experimentation.

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Physics

Studies the fundamental laws of nature, including motion, energy, forces, and the structure of matter.

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Chemistry

Examines the composition, structure, properties, and reactions of matter.

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Analysis

Examining data to find patterns and draw conclusions.

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Measurement

Quantifying physical quantities.

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SI Units

Standard system of units in science.

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Precision

Degree of repeatability of a measurement.

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Accuracy

How close a measurement is to the true value.

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Quantitative Data

Numerical data that can be objectively measured.

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Qualitative Data

Descriptive data involving characteristics or categories.

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Statistical Analysis

Summarizing data to identify patterns and draw inferences.

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Scientific Model

Representation of real-world systems to explain complex concepts.

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Scientific Theory

Well-substantiated explanation based on repeated observation and experimentation.

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Scientific Law

Concise description of universally observed natural phenomena.

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Technology

Application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes.

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Ethics in Science

Moral principles guiding scientific research and practice.

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Plagiarism

Taking someone else's work and passing if off as your own.

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Informed Consent

Ensuring subjects understand risks/benefits of research participation.

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Study Notes

The provided text repeats the existing study notes and has no new information. No updates are needed.

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