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Questions and Answers
Which of the following best describes the core principle of empiricism in the context of scientific study?
Which of the following best describes the core principle of empiricism in the context of scientific study?
- Knowledge is primarily derived from theoretical frameworks and abstract reasoning.
- Knowledge is innate and does not rely on external validation.
- Knowledge is acquired through personal beliefs and introspection.
- Knowledge is fundamentally based on practical experience and observation. (correct)
Mental chronometry, pioneered by Donders, suggests studying reaction times is irrelevant to understanding cognitive processes.
Mental chronometry, pioneered by Donders, suggests studying reaction times is irrelevant to understanding cognitive processes.
False (B)
In the context of the history of psychology, briefly explain the central shift in focus that defines the cognitive revolution.
In the context of the history of psychology, briefly explain the central shift in focus that defines the cognitive revolution.
The cognitive revolution marked a shift from the behaviorist focus on observable behaviors to an emphasis on internal mental processes.
The concept of 'localization of function' posits that different areas of the brain are responsible for ______ cognitive and behavioral processes.
The concept of 'localization of function' posits that different areas of the brain are responsible for ______ cognitive and behavioral processes.
Match the following figures in the history of psychology with their contributions:
Match the following figures in the history of psychology with their contributions:
Flashcards
Psychology
Psychology
The scientific study of mental processes and behavior.
Empiricism
Empiricism
The philosophical belief that knowledge is acquired through sensory experience.
Determinism
Determinism
The idea that all events are determined by preceding causes.
Mental Chronometry
Mental Chronometry
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Behaviorism
Behaviorism
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Study Notes
- Study notes from a lecture on February 10, 2025, in the PYC LH 230 auditorium.
What is it?
- Psychology is the scientific study of mental processes and behavior, including behavior, thought, and experience.
What is science?
- Empiricism is a philosophical tenet that knowledge comes through experience.
- Determinism is the belief that all events are governed by lawful cause-and-effect relationships.
- Science focuses on the process, i.e., how we study, rather than just the content.
Key People
- Fechner is known as the father of psychophysics.
- Donders studied mental chronometry, which involves studying reaction time to understand how long thinking takes.
- Helmholtz proposed that "unconscious inferences" lead to perception.
- Ebbinghaus studied memory and the forgetting curve.
- Wundt founded the first psychology lab in Leipzig, Germany, in 1879, to study introspection and reaction time.
- Titchener (1867-1927) was a student of Wundt and focused on structuralism.
- William James (1842-1910) wrote "The Principles of Psychology".
Localization of Function
- Localization of Function involves the idea that different parts of the brain are involved in different processes.
- Pseudoscience is related to this concept.
History
- Pavlov (1821-1894) is known for classical conditioning.
- Twitmyer (1873-1943) studied the knee reflex.
- Watson (1878-1958) was a behaviorist.
- Skinner (1904-1990) studied operant conditioning.
- Behaviorism focused on observable grounds.
Cognitive Revolution
- Miller discovered the magical number 7+2 for memory.
- Hebb studied the brain.
- Chomsky studied the innate characteristics of language.
- Neisser published work on cognitive psychology.
- The focus shifted to mental processes.
Paradigms in Science
- Paradigms are a worldview underlying the theories and methodology of a particular scientific subject.
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Description
Lecture notes covering the basics of psychology as a science, including empiricism and determinism. Key figures like Fechner, Donders, and Wundt are introduced, highlighting their contributions to psychophysics, mental chronometry, and the establishment of the first psychology lab.
