Podcast
Questions and Answers
How does Plato's allegory of the cave relate to his understanding of true knowledge?
How does Plato's allegory of the cave relate to his understanding of true knowledge?
- It suggests that true knowledge is readily available to anyone who seeks it.
- It demonstrates that most people are comfortable in their ignorance and resist enlightenment. (correct)
- It illustrates that people are naturally enlightened and do not need education.
- It implies that the physical world is the source of all truth and understanding.
What is the central idea behind Socrates' claim that he possesses 'Socratic wisdom'?
What is the central idea behind Socrates' claim that he possesses 'Socratic wisdom'?
- Socrates knew everything.
- Socrates was in communication with the Delphic Oracle and received secret wisdom.
- Socrates memorized all the important philosophical texts.
- Socrates recognized the limits of his own knowledge. (correct)
What is the main argument Crito uses to try to persuade Socrates to escape from prison and avoid execution?
What is the main argument Crito uses to try to persuade Socrates to escape from prison and avoid execution?
- Crito insists that the laws of Athens are just and must be obeyed.
- Crito believes that Socrates is guilty and deserves to be punished.
- Crito argues that Socrates has a moral obligation to his friends and family. (correct)
- Crito says that Socrates should fear death.
How does Epicurus's view on the nature of the soul factor into his argument against fearing death?
How does Epicurus's view on the nature of the soul factor into his argument against fearing death?
How might Aristotle and Epicurus disagree on the role of pleasure in achieving happiness?
How might Aristotle and Epicurus disagree on the role of pleasure in achieving happiness?
According to John Stuart Mill's utilitarianism, how should one generally determine the morality of an action?
According to John Stuart Mill's utilitarianism, how should one generally determine the morality of an action?
What does Mill mean by asking people to consider outcomes 'impartially best' when making ethical decisions?
What does Mill mean by asking people to consider outcomes 'impartially best' when making ethical decisions?
What did the Delphic Oracle tell of Socrates?
What did the Delphic Oracle tell of Socrates?
What is hedonism as a philosophical position?
What is hedonism as a philosophical position?
What is the Aristotelian concept of virtue?
What is the Aristotelian concept of virtue?
Flashcards
Relationship of Plato and Socrates?
Relationship of Plato and Socrates?
Plato was a student of Socrates. Socrates was Plato's teacher.
Crimes of Socrates
Crimes of Socrates
Socrates was charged with corrupting the youth and impiety (not believing in the city's gods).
Socrates' Defense
Socrates' Defense
Socrates defends himself by arguing that he is not corrupting the youth intentionally and that his actions are in the pursuit of truth and justice.
Socratic Wisdom
Socratic Wisdom
Signup and view all the flashcards
Socrates on Fearing Death
Socrates on Fearing Death
Signup and view all the flashcards
Delphic Oracle
Delphic Oracle
Signup and view all the flashcards
Cave Allegory Meaning
Cave Allegory Meaning
Signup and view all the flashcards
Hedonism
Hedonism
Signup and view all the flashcards
Epicurus vs. Aristotle on Happiness
Epicurus vs. Aristotle on Happiness
Signup and view all the flashcards
Mill's Moral Theory
Mill's Moral Theory
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
- Study guide for midterm exam in Philosophy, introduction to
Plato Review
- Plato was a student of Socrates
- Socrates' crimes include corrupting the youth and impiety
- Socrates defends himself by arguing he is doing the city a service by questioning people and showing them their ignorance
- Socratic wisdom is the awareness of one's own ignorance
- Socrates believed fearing death is irrational
- The Delphic Oracle was a priestess of Apollo who gave prophecies
- The cave allegory communicates that ignorance is being trapped in a world of illusions, and enlightenment is escaping to see the true forms
- The story of Gyges and the ring supports the idea that people are only just because they fear punishment, and would act unjustly if they could get away with it
- Crito tries to convince Socrates to escape exile by arguing it is unjust for Socrates to die, and his friends will be shamed if they do not help him escape
- The definition of justice in the Crito is obeying the laws of the state
Epicurus & Aristotle Review
- Hedonism is the philosophical position that pleasure is the ultimate good and the goal of life
- Epicurus and Aristotle differ in their definitions of happiness because Epicurus equates happiness with pleasure and absence of pain, while Aristotle sees happiness as fulfilling one's purpose or function
- Epicurus views the soul as material, made up of atoms that disperse upon death
- Epicurus says not to fear death because when death is present, we are not, and when we are present, death is not
- Epicurus recommends a simple life of moderation and avoidance of pain
- Aristotle recommends a life of virtue, reason, and contemplation
- The Aristotelian concept of virtue is a character trait that lies between two extremes, such as courage being between recklessness and cowardice
Utilitarianism
- JS Mill's theory of well-being is based on the quality of happiness, not just the quantity
- Mill's moral theory is utilitarianism, which holds that actions are right as they promote happiness and wrong as they promote the reverse of happiness
- The greatest happiness principle holds that actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness
- To make things go "impartially best" means to act in a way that maximizes happiness or well-being for the greatest number of people, without giving preference to anyone, including oneself
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
