Intro to Organic Chemistry

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes the composition of a molecule of acetylene?

  • A molecule containing a double bond between carbon and carbon.
  • A molecule containing a single bond between carbon and carbon.
  • A molecule containing a triple bond between carbon and carbon. (correct)
  • A molecule without any bonds between carbon and carbon.

What is the primary characteristic of a functional group in organic chemistry?

  • It solely dictates the molecule's size and shape.
  • It determines the physical state of the molecule.
  • It is responsible for the chemical behavior of the molecule. (correct)
  • It defines the molecule's elemental composition.

Which of the following is a characteristic that all organic compounds share?

  • They all contain carbon. (correct)
  • They all contain nitrogen.
  • They are all synthesized in a laboratory.
  • They are all found in living organisms.

Which of the following compounds is classified as a saturated alicyclic hydrocarbon?

<p>Cycloalkane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many isotopes of carbon are mentioned in the text?

<p>Three (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of aromatic compounds?

<p>They contain a benzene ring. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which category of organic compounds contains elements other than carbon and hydrogen?

<p>Organic compounds with heteroatoms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the best definition of 'biogumica' as described in the text?

<p>The study of compounds that conform and permit life. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Considering the description of carbon's tetravalent nature, what does this imply for its bonding capabilities?

<p>Carbon can form a maximum of four bonds. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Among the listed oxygenated organic compounds, which contains a carbonyl group ($C=O$) bonded to two alkyl or aryl groups?

<p>Ketones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is Chemistry?

Study of the composition, properties, and transformations of matter.

What is Organic Chemistry?

Organic chemistry studies compounds containing carbon.

What are Organic Compounds With Heteroatoms?

Organic compounds containing atoms other than carbon and hydrogen.

What are Saturated Hydrocarbons (Alkanes)?

Hydrocarbons with only single bonds between carbon atoms.

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What are Unsaturated Hydrocarbons (Alkenes, Alkynes)?

Hydrocarbons that contain one or more double or triple bonds between carbon atoms.

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What are Aromatic Hydrocarbons?

Cyclic hydrocarbons containing alternating single and double bonds, exhibiting resonance.

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What are Alicyclic Hydrocarbons?

Cyclic hydrocarbons that do not contain aromatic rings.

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What are Functional Groups?

A part of a molecule where most of its chemical reactions occur.

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What Defines a Functional Group?

The group of atoms responsible for the chemical behavior of a molecule.

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What is a Carbonyl Group?

A functional group containing a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom (C=O).

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Study Notes

  • General topics surrounding organic chemistry are introduced

Chemistry

  • Chemistry includes composition, properties, and changes in matter

Study Categories

  • The categories of study are physical chemistry, inorganic chemistry and biochemistry

Physical Chemistry

  • Physical chemistry includes physical and chemical properties of matter

Inorganic chemistry

  • Inorganic chemistry studies elemental compounds that conform and allow life

Organic Chemistry

  • Organic chemistry involves compounds of carbon with heteroatoms

Organic Compounds with Heteroatoms

  • Includes thiols

Oxygenated

  • Includes ethers, ketones, aldehydes, epoxides, esters, carboxylic acids, alcohols, and phenols

Nitrogenated

  • Includes nitriles, amides, amines, and nitro derivatives or halogenated

Hydrocarbons

  • The following are open chain hydrocarbons

Saturated

  • Saturated hydrocarbons include alkanes, which contain a simple bond

Unsaturated

  • Unsaturated hydrocarbons include alkenes and alkynes, which contain a double or triple bond

Cyclical

  • The following are cyclic

Aromatic

  • Aromatic hydrocarbons contain benzene

Alicyclic

  • Alicyclic hydrocarbons included saturated cycloalkanes and unsaturated cycloalkenes and cycloalkynes

Carbon

  • Carbon is a nonmetal and is tetravalent

Chemistry

  • The three carbon isotopes are 12C, 13C, and 14C
  • Z=6, e=4, and AC=12.01

Natural Compounds

  • Examples are organic compounds, simple compounds, petroleum, biomass, and natural gas, carbon, diamonds, CO and CO2

Synthetic Compounds

  • Are made in a lab
  • Examples are activated carbon, fibers, carbon black, graphite

Organic Compression

  • Organic chemical compounds are constituted by carbon formed in carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds

Composition

  • In many cases contain oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine, fluorine, iodine, and other rare elements

Functional Groups

  • Functional groups are parts of a molecule where most reactions take place
  • Organic compounds are classified according to functional groups
  • A functional group is a group of atoms responsible for the chemical behavior of the molecule it contains
  • Includes: hydrocarbonated, oxygenated, and nitrogenated

Examples of Functional Groups

  • Carboxyl group
  • Hydroxyl group
  • Carbonyl group

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