Intro to Histology and Bacterial Shapes
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary goal of histology?

  • To develop new staining methods
  • To analyze chemical compositions of cells
  • To study macroscopic structures
  • To identify correlations between structure and function (correct)

    • Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining is primarily used for immediate observational feedback in tissue analysis.

    True

    What are the typical thicknesses of cross-sectional slices prepared for histological observation?

    2-7 μm

    Before observing tissue samples, they must be __________ to prevent decay.

    <p>chemically fixed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the histological techniques with their purposes:

    <p>Microtome = Slices hardened resin into thin sections H&amp;E staining = Differentiates cellular structures in tissue Cryostat = Prepares frozen sections of tissue Chemical fixation = Prevents decay of samples</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the appearance of tissues once cross-sectional slices are prepared?

    <p>Colorless and transparent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Histology only applies to isolated tissues, not cultured cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of applying stains to cells in histology?

    <p>To enhance contrast and permit visualization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which arrangement involves cocci in pairs?

    <p>Diplococcus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bacillus bacteria can only exist as single cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diameter range of coccus-shaped bacteria?

    <p>0.5-1.0 μm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bacteria commonly reproduce by __________.

    <p>binary fission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the bacterial shapes to their descriptions:

    <p>Coccus = Spherical or oval shape Bacillus = Rod-shaped Vibrio = Comma-shaped Spirillum = Thick and rigid spiral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of spiral-shaped bacteria is thin and flexible?

    <p>Spirochete</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Plant cells can be found in sizes ranging from 10-100 μm long.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one distinguishing feature of plant cells that is not found in mammalian cells.

    <p>Cell wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adjustment knob should be used to bring a specimen into initial focus when using the 4x objective lens?

    <p>Coarse adjustment knob</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Coarse adjustment can be used with any objective lens without risk of damage.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be observed during turret rotation when increasing magnification?

    <p>The distance between the objective lens and the slide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Before using the 100x objective lens, special ______ is required on the slide.

    <p>oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following objective lenses with their descriptions:

    <p>4x = Scanning objective lens 10x = Medium objective lens 100x = Oil immersion objective lens 40x = Higher magnification objective lens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the measurement distance between each line on a stage micrometer?

    <p>10μm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An ocular micrometer has specific measurements assigned to its lines.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of ruler is used to calibrate a microscope if a stage micrometer is not available?

    <p>Regular ruler</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the document focuses on the observation of tissue samples?

    <p>Part B: Tissue observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Table 1.4 includes information about the observation of mammalian cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the staining procedure in tissue observation?

    <p>To enhance visibility of cellular structures under a microscope.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The subcellular structure commonly stained with DAPI is the ______.

    <p>nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following staining procedures with their target:

    <p>H&amp;E = General tissue structure DAPI = Nucleus Gram Stain = Bacterial classification Giemsa = Blood cell morphology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which objective lens would typically provide a higher magnification for observing bacterial samples?

    <p>100x</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Part C includes wet mount preparation techniques.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information is provided in the 'FOV size' section of the tables?

    <p>The size of the field of view under the microscope.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of calibrating the ocular micrometer?

    <p>To calculate the real size of the viewed specimen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The stage micrometer is used to adjust the focus of the microscope.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the length of each division on the stage micrometer?

    <p>10 μm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ocular micrometer is divided into _____ equivalent units.

    <p>100</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components with their corresponding properties:

    <p>Stage Micrometer = 1 mm long with 100 divisions Ocular Micrometer = Divided into 100 units with unknown distance 35 mark on Ocular = Corresponds to 30 divisions on Stage Each division on The Stage = 10 μm apart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the distance between the lines of the ocular micrometer determined?

    <p>By superimposing with the stage micrometer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The point of overlap between the stage micrometer and ocular micrometer is where the 600 μm mark is located.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many divisions correspond to 300 μm on the ocular micrometer?

    <p>35 divisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a rule for labelling a scientific drawing?

    <p>Cross lines when labelling for clarity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A dry mount slide preparation uses water to suspend the sample.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum amount of liquid medium recommended for a wet mount slide preparation?

    <p>One drop</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In wet mount preparation, the coverslip should be placed at a _______ degree angle.

    <p>45</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the slide preparation method with its characteristic:

    <p>Wet mount = Uses liquid medium for observation Dry mount = Does not use water or liquid Coverslip method = Used to cover the specimen Suspension solution = Liquid added to aid visibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step is first in preparing a wet mount slide?

    <p>Place the sample specimen in the middle of a clean slide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Labels on a scientific drawing can be drawn in any direction.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential consequence of excessive use of suspension solution in wet mount preparation?

    <p>Specimen may run off the edges of the slide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Laboratory 1 - Histology & Basic Microscopy

    • Rationale: This lab exercise observes various cell types (microbes to mammals) under a microscope. It also introduces staining techniques used in biomedical science. Students practice wet mount slide prep and compare cell structures.

    Objectives

    • Objective 1: Practice oil immersion microscopy for viewing microorganisms.
    • Objective 2: Compare sizes and shapes of bacterial and mammalian cells.
    • Objective 3: Prepare and analyze plant cell wet mounts.
    • Objective 4: Understand tissue and cell staining for proper visualization.
    • Objective 5: Explain the H&E staining mechanism.
    • Objective 6: Perform H&E staining on cultured cells.

    Introduction

    • Compound Microscope: A light microscope combines magnifying lenses and light to enlarge extremely small objects not visible to the naked eye.
    • Bacteria: Bacteria are unicellular prokaryotes distinguished by shape (coccus, bacillus, spiral) and structure. Most bacteria are 0.5-1.0 µm in diameter and 1-8 µm in length. They can be in different arrangements (pairs, chains, clusters, etc.).
    • Plant Cells: Plant cells are eukaryotic and have unique features like cell walls and chloroplasts. Their sizes vary widely, between 10-100 µm.
    • Mammalian Cells: Mammalian cells are eukaryotic and complex, with diverse organelles (nucleus, mitochondria, etc.). Their structures and organization vary depending on their function and specific tissue.

    Histology

    • Histology: The study of the microanatomy of cells, tissues, and organs under magnification to understand cellular structure-function relationships.
    • H&E Staining: A common staining technique for general tissue identification in pathology and histology. Hematoxylin stains acidic structures (e.g., nuclei) purple/blue. Eosin stains basic structures (e.g., cytoplasm) pink/red. This contrast highlights differences in cell organization.

    Oil Immersion Microscopy

    • Oil Immersion Microscopy: An advanced microscopy technique that increases the resolving power of the microscope by eliminating light distortion.
    • Procedure: Focus on the specimen, place immersion oil on the cover slip (on the specimen), and use the high power objective lens.

    Experimental Procedure

    • Materials and Reagents: The lab lists materials like cells (C2C12, HEK293), ethanol, formaldehyde, H&E stain kit, PBS, etc.
    • Part A - Visualization of Microorganisms: A procedure for observing and documenting various bacterial types, their shapes, and arrangements at 1000x magnification using a microscope.
    • Part B - Tissue observation: Observing H&E-stained mammalian tissue slides under varying magnifications (4x, 10x, 40x, and 100x).
    • Part C - Cell culture staining: A procedure to stain cells, using a specific set of steps for fixation, permeabilization, and staining with hematoxylin and eosin.
    • Part D - Slide Preparation – Onion Epidermis: A procedure to prepare a wet-mount slide of onion epidermis for viewing under a microscope.

    Data Collection and Post-Lab Assignment guidelines

    • Submission: Electronic submission, including observations and photos of various parts of the procedure, for each part. Includes tables to categorize data.

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    BMED 2000 Laboratory 1 - Histology & Basic Microscopy PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of histology and the various bacterial shapes and arrangements. Test your knowledge on staining techniques, tissue preparation, and the characteristics of different microorganisms. Ideal for students studying histology or microbiology.

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