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Questions and Answers
What does GIS stand for?
What does human geography focus on?
In political geography, what does the term 'nation' refer to?
How does political geography define power struggles?
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What is the main focus of geopolitics?
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What is the main focus of geopolitics?
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Which geopolitical risks are mentioned in the text?
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Who argued that states must expand their territory to increase their population and power?
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In what decade did theorists start questioning how geographic constructs shape the world?
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According to Storey (2009), how does he define geopolitics?
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Study Notes
What is Geography?
- Includes physical and human geography as well as GIS (Geographic Information System)
- GIS creates, manages, analyzes, and maps all types of data, connecting location data with descriptive information
- Human geography focuses on understanding spatial relationships, studying why the "where" matters
What is Political Geography?
- Focuses on how politics and power are spatial
- Studies how power struggles shape and are shaped by places
- Includes territory, state, government, nation, identity, citizenship, elections, environment, and geopolitics
- Examines the application of power to a particular space
What is Geopolitics?
- The geographical dimensions of power
- The struggle over the control of geographical entities with international and global dimensions for political advantage
- Studies how geography affects politics and international relations
- Examines actors (individuals, organizations, companies, and national governments) and their interactions
Key Concepts in Geopolitics
- Geopolitical risks: cross-border or international conflicts, hybrid warfare, cyberattacks, de-dollarization dynamics, shifting trade relations, sovereign debt exposures, critical mineral competition
- Actors: individuals, organizations, companies, and national governments
- Scales: global, national, local, and others
History of Geopolitics
- Friederich Ratzel (1897): states are living organisms that must expand territory to expand population and power
- Halford Mackinder (Britain) and Alfred Mahon (U.S.): argued for increasing their country's power
- 1990s: theorists began questioning how geographic categories and constructs shape the world
- Geopolitics is not only about state relationships, but also includes other actors and operates at various scales
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Description
Explore the basics of geography, political geography, and geopolitics in this introductory lecture covering key concepts such as GIS. Learn about the different aspects of geography, GIS, and how data is connected to maps for analysis.
