Intro to Criminal Justice: Chapter 4 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is the Frankpledge system?

A policing system that included all boys and men age 12 or older from 10 households (correct)

A modern policing strategy

A system used exclusively for tracking criminals

A type of criminal gang

What are shire reeves?

Precursors to sheriffs.

What were thief takers?

Men hired by victims to capture criminal offenders.

What act established London's police force?

Metropolitan Police Act of 1829. Signup and view all the answers

What is the nickname of officers in Britain honoring the Father of Modern Policing?

Peelers. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Slave Patrol?

A group that regulated the behavior of slaves and punished escaped slaves. Signup and view all the answers

What are vigilantes?

Self-appointed distributors of justice. Signup and view all the answers

In 1851, ____ established the first detective division.

Boston. Signup and view all the answers

In 1855, ____ established the first formal police department.

Philadelphia. Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'third degree'?

An early method used by police officers to gather information through brutalization. Signup and view all the answers

Who is known as the father of modern American policing?

August Vollmer. Signup and view all the answers

____ jurisdiction refers to certain areas that must submit proposed voting changes to the U.S. Department of Justice.

Covered Jurisdictions. Signup and view all the answers

What improvements did the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 aim to accomplish?

Assist state and local governments in reducing crime and increasing effectiveness of law enforcement. Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of time do Wilmington Police Department officers spend enforcing the law?

About half. Signup and view all the answers

What is the patronage system?

A form of corruption where police officers are hired and promoted in exchange for favors from the political party. Signup and view all the answers

What is recruitment in law enforcement?

The process of developing a pool of qualified applicants for new police positions. Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of local police departments require at least a two-year college degree?

10 percent. Signup and view all the answers

What is the probationary period for police officers?

A time at the beginning of a career during which an officer may be fired without cause. Signup and view all the answers

What is field training in police work?

The training segment where recruits are supervised on the beat by senior officers. Signup and view all the answers

What is affirmative action in law enforcement hiring policies?

Favoring groups who have suffered from discrimination in hiring and promotions. Signup and view all the answers

When a court finds discrimination in a law enforcement agency, it implements a ____, where numerical hiring goals are set.

Consent decree. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Frankpledge System and Its Components

Frankpledge replaced the borh system, grouping boys and men aged 12+ from 10 households into tythings for mutual policing.
Tythings served as units within the frankpledge system, promoting community responsibility for law enforcement.
A hundred, consisting of ten tythings, was overseen by a leader known as a hundredman.

Early Law Enforcement Structures

Shire reeves were precursors to modern sheriffs, carrying out law enforcement functions in early England.
Thief takers were hired by victims to capture criminals, functioning as precursors to bounty hunters.

Modern Policing Foundations

The Metropolitan Police Act of 1829, introduced by Sir Robert Peel, established London’s police force, marking the start of modern public policing.
Officers in Britain are nicknamed "Peelers" in honor of Sir Robert Peel, the Father of Modern Policing.

Historical Policing Practices

Slave Patrols, originating in 1704 South Carolina, regulated slave behavior and pursued escaped slaves using small groups of white men.
Vigilantes were self-appointed justice distributors in 1765, acting outside formal legal systems.

Development of Police Forces

Boston established the first detective division in 1851.
Philadelphia established the first formal police department in 1855.

Policing Methods and Practices

The "third degree" was a brutal interrogation method employed by police to extract information from suspects.
August Vollmer is recognized as the father of modern American policing for his contributions to police reform.

Jurisdictions and Voting Rights

Covered jurisdictions refer to areas required to submit voting changes to the U.S. Department of Justice due to historical discrimination against minorities.

Legislative Framework

The Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 aimed to reduce crime and enhance law enforcement effectiveness and fairness across all government levels.

Police Work and Community Interaction

Wilmington Police Department officers reportedly spend approximately half of their time enforcing laws, with the other half dedicated to community service.

Corruption and Recruitment Practices

The patronage system involves political parties hiring and promoting police officers in exchange for job-related favors.
Recruitment in law enforcement involves developing a qualified applicant pool for new positions.

Education and Training Requirements

Only 10% of local police departments mandate at least a two-year college degree as a minimum educational requirement.
Newly hired officers undergo a probationary period, allowing for termination without cause during the initial phase of employment.

Training Components

Field training is when recruits are stationed on the beat under the guidance of experienced officers, moving beyond classroom learning.
Affirmative action policies aim to promote hiring from groups historically discriminated against, such as women and minorities.

Responses to Discrimination

Courts may impose a consent decree on law enforcement agencies found to discriminate, requiring them to meet specific hiring goals for women and minorities, with penalties for non-compliance.

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Description

Explore key concepts from Chapter 4 of Intro to Criminal Justice with these flashcards. Understand the Frankpledge system, tythings, and the role of the hundredman in historical policing methods. This resource is perfect for reviewing important terms and definitions in criminal justice.