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Questions and Answers
What is the main difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells in terms of their DNA structure?
What is the main difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells in terms of their DNA structure?
- Eukaryotic cells have DNA in the nucleus, while prokaryotic cells have DNA in the cytoplasm
- Eukaryotic cells have linear DNA with histones, while prokaryotic cells have circular DNA (correct)
- Eukaryotic cells have circular DNA, while prokaryotic cells have linear DNA
- Eukaryotic cells have single-stranded DNA, while prokaryotic cells have double-stranded DNA
What is the primary function of the nucleoid in a prokaryotic cell?
What is the primary function of the nucleoid in a prokaryotic cell?
- To synthesize proteins
- To manage waste
- To provide operating instructions for the cell (correct)
- To generate electrical power
What is the term for the transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another horizontally?
What is the term for the transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another horizontally?
- Plasmid transfer
- Genomic transfer
- Vertical gene transfer
- Lateral gene transfer (correct)
What is the primary difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells in terms of their size?
What is the primary difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells in terms of their size?
What is the function of histones in eukaryotic cells?
What is the function of histones in eukaryotic cells?
What is the term for the process by which eukaryotic cells divide?
What is the term for the process by which eukaryotic cells divide?
What is the main function of the mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?
What is the main function of the mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?
What is the primary function of peroxisomes in eukaryotic cells?
What is the primary function of peroxisomes in eukaryotic cells?
What is the main function of chloroplasts in plant cells?
What is the main function of chloroplasts in plant cells?
What is the main function of the rough ER in eukaryotic cells?
What is the main function of the rough ER in eukaryotic cells?
What is the main function of vacuoles in plant cells?
What is the main function of vacuoles in plant cells?
What is the main difference between eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells?
What is the main difference between eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells?
What is the approximate composition of a ribosome?
What is the approximate composition of a ribosome?
Where does metabolism occur in a prokaryotic cell?
Where does metabolism occur in a prokaryotic cell?
What is the function of the cell wall in a prokaryotic cell?
What is the function of the cell wall in a prokaryotic cell?
What is the main function of the cell membrane?
What is the main function of the cell membrane?
What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in a eukaryotic cell?
What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in a eukaryotic cell?
What is the main component of the cell wall in plant cells?
What is the main component of the cell wall in plant cells?
What is the primary function of the cytoskeleton?
What is the primary function of the cytoskeleton?
What is the composition of the plasma membrane in a prokaryotic cell?
What is the composition of the plasma membrane in a prokaryotic cell?
What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus?
What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus?
What is the primary difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
What is the primary difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
What is the function of centrioles in animal cells?
What is the function of centrioles in animal cells?
What is the primary function of lysosomes in animal cells?
What is the primary function of lysosomes in animal cells?
What is the equivalent structure of lysosomes in plant cells?
What is the equivalent structure of lysosomes in plant cells?
Where are the hydrolytic enzymes found in lysosomes?
Where are the hydrolytic enzymes found in lysosomes?
What is the purpose of the waste management system in cells?
What is the purpose of the waste management system in cells?
In which type of cells are nucleoids found?
In which type of cells are nucleoids found?
What is the most essential element for a Milk Chocolate factory?
What is the most essential element for a Milk Chocolate factory?
Which element is crucial for the smooth operation of a Milk Chocolate factory?
Which element is crucial for the smooth operation of a Milk Chocolate factory?
What is the primary function of the DNA in a prokaryotic cell?
What is the primary function of the DNA in a prokaryotic cell?
What is the characteristic of the genomic DNA in a prokaryotic cell?
What is the characteristic of the genomic DNA in a prokaryotic cell?
What is a necessary component of a Milk Chocolate factory to ensure efficient production?
What is a necessary component of a Milk Chocolate factory to ensure efficient production?
What is the diameter of the single, tightly coiled, circular DNA in a prokaryotic cell?
What is the diameter of the single, tightly coiled, circular DNA in a prokaryotic cell?
What is essential for the distribution of milk chocolate from the factory?
What is essential for the distribution of milk chocolate from the factory?
What is a necessary infrastructure component of a Milk Chocolate factory?
What is a necessary infrastructure component of a Milk Chocolate factory?
What is the purpose of the plasmid DNA in a prokaryotic cell?
What is the purpose of the plasmid DNA in a prokaryotic cell?
What is the length of the single, tightly coiled, circular DNA in a prokaryotic cell?
What is the length of the single, tightly coiled, circular DNA in a prokaryotic cell?
Study Notes
Cell Structure and Organization
- Ribosomes consist of 65% RNA and 35% protein, composed of a small and a large subunit, making a 70S ribosome, and are responsible for protein synthesis.
Prokaryotic Cells
- Have a nucleoid, a single, tightly coiled, circular DNA, providing operating instructions for the cell.
- Have ribosomes in the cytosol for protein synthesis.
- Have no membrane-bound organelles, with metabolism occurring in the cytosol.
- Have a cell wall composed of peptidoglycan (Gram-positive) or lipopolysaccharide (Gram-negative) for mechanical support, shape, and protection.
Eukaryotic Cells
- Have a nucleus, separated from the cytosol by a double membrane, storing genetic information encoded in DNA.
- Have endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a labyrinthine organelle, for synthesizing membrane proteins and lipids.
- Have mitochondria, the powerhouse of the cell, surrounded by inner and outer membranes, for energy metabolism.
- Have peroxisomes, responsible for oxidizing certain nutrients using molecular oxygen.
- Have chloroplasts (in plant cells), with a double-membrane envelope, for photosynthesis.
- Have vacuoles (in plant cells) for transport and storage of nutrients and cellular waste products.
- Have lysosomes (in animal cells), membrane-bound vesicles, for intracellular digestion of materials entering the cell.
- Have a cytoskeleton, a network of protein filaments, for determining cell shape, movement, and internal movements.
- Have a Golgi apparatus, an asymmetrical system of flattened membrane-bounded vesicles, for packaging and processing macromolecules for secretion and delivery.
Cell Similarities and Differences
- Prokaryotic cells are smaller (0.2-2.0 μm) and lack membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells are larger (10-100 μm) and have organelles.
- Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus, while prokaryotic cells have a nucleoid.
- Prokaryotic cells divide by binary fission, while eukaryotic cells divide by mitosis.
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Description
Understand the basics of biomolecules, including the properties of water, cell structure, and organization. Learn about the composition and function of cellular organelles and the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
