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Questions and Answers
What type of material forms the pixel matrix for image recording?
How is the charge pattern read in a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS)?
What is the function of the photostimulable phosphor (PSP) in digital imaging?
Which color is used for Rinn's film holders designated for posterior teeth?
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What type of imaging technology uses a frame grabber to interpret voltage?
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What is the function of the occlusal dot on an intraoral conventional film?
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What material is the film base of an intraoral conventional film primarily made from?
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What is the role of the lead foil sheet in an intraoral film packet?
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Which of the following statements about digital intraoral sensors is correct?
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What type of imaging does a Charge-coupled device (CCD) facilitate?
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Which size film is typically used for adult patients?
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What component of the intraoral film packet provides protection from light?
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What is the primary purpose of the adhesive layer in an intraoral conventional film?
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Study Notes
Intraoral Conventional Films
- Double emulsion film, meaning emulsion is coated on both sides
- Available in one or two film packets
- Two film packets allow for a duplicate record
- Different standard sizes are available
- Have occlusal dot on the tube side for film orientation
- Dot helps distinguish between left and right sides of the patient
- Useful for film mounting
Film Packet Components
- X-Ray film
- Black paper wrap/ paper film wrapper
- Lead foil sheet
- Outer wrapping(soft packet):
- Tube side(white surface)
- Label side(color coded)
Intraoral Film Packet Surface Details
-
Tube side:
- White color
- Has raised dot
- Must face the tooth surface
-
Label side:
- Color coded side should face the tongue
- Mentions speed and name of manufacturer
- Number of films inside
Additional Film Packet Components
- Paper film wrap: protective sheet that shields film from light
-
Lead foil sheet:
- Single piece of lead sheet
- Located behind the film and paper
- Protects from back scatter
- Has embossed pattern if the film is placed backward and exposed
Film Base
- Made of polyester plastic for support
- 0.2mm thick and flexible
- Uniformly translucent with a blue tinge
Adhesive Layer
- Thin layer of adhesive material placed on both sides
- Serves to attach emulsion to the base
Film Emulsion
- Coating applied to both sides of the base
- Sensitive to x-rays
- Homogeneous mixture of Silver halide and gelatin
- Gelatin serves as a carrier vehicle to disperse silver halide crystals
- Gelatin absorbs chemicals during processing to react with silver halide
Film Sizes
- Three sizes: 0, 1, and 2
- 0 - 22 x 35 (small children)
- 1 - 24 x 40 (anterior teeth)
- 2 - 31 x 41 (adult film)
Digital Intraoral Sensors
- Small detectors placed intraorally to capture radiographic images
- Can be wired (direct) or wireless (indirect)
- Sensors connected by fiberoptic cable are called solid-state detectors
Direct Digital Imaging
-
Charge-coupled device (CCD):
- First digital image receptor used for intraoral imaging (1987)
- Uses a thin wafer of silicon for image recording
- Silicon crystals form the pixel matrix
-
Complimentary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS):
- Similar to CCD – silicon semiconductors
- The charge pattern is directly connected to a transistor as a small voltage
- The voltage is read by a frame grabber and displayed as a digital gray value
Indirect Digital Imaging
-
Photostimulable phosphor (PSP)
- Wireless system
- Absorbs and stores energy from x-rays and then releases the energy as light (phosphorescence) when stimulated by another light of an appropriate wavelength.
- “Europium-doped” barium fluoro-halide is used
- Combined with polymer and coated on a plastic base as a conventional film
Phosphor plates and Scanner:
- Used with PSP imaging
X-ray Film Holders
- Rinn's film holders, also called XCP (X-tension C-one P-paralleling), are devices used for intraoral radiographs applying the paralleling technique
- Ensure that film will be perpendicular to X-rays.
- Colors:
- Yellow for posterior teeth (molars and premolars)
- Blue for anterior teeth (incisors and canines)
- Red for bite-wing radiographs
- Green for radiographs with the rubber dam is still on
Other Film Holders
- Snap-A-Ray
- Phosphor plate holder
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Description
This quiz provides an overview of intraoral conventional films, detailing their components, film packet surfaces, and features such as double emulsion. Understand the importance of film orientation and the unique characteristics of different film packets.
