Questions and Answers
Which type of therapist is an M.D. with extra training to diagnose mental illnesses and give prescriptions?
What is the aim of psychodynamic therapy?
To provide insight
Match the following types of therapy with their definitions:
Psychoanalysis = Involves bringing unconscious conflicts into awareness Humanistic Therapy = Focuses on self-actualization and personal growth Cognitive Therapy = Teaches adaptive changes in thinking and behavior Behavioral Therapy = Uses conditioning principles to treat psychological disorders
What technique involves a therapist sitting out of view while a client reports thoughts and feelings?
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Interpersonal therapy focuses on a client's past relationships.
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Name one core tenet of client-centered therapy.
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Which therapy aims to make the client 'whole' by bringing thoughts into awareness?
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What does exposure therapy aim to extinguish?
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Token economies use _____ to reinforce specified target behaviors.
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Which therapy incorporates mindfulness and Eastern concepts?
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What type of neurotransmitter increases the likelihood of an action potential?
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What is one method of deactivating neurotransmitters?
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Drug therapy only increases the activity of neurotransmitters.
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Study Notes
Types of Therapists
- Psychiatrist: Medical doctor (M.D.) specializing in diagnosis and treatment of mental illnesses; has prescription authority.
- Clinical Psychologist: Holds a Ph.D. and undergoes five years of training focused on therapeutic techniques and assessments.
- Counsellor: Typically holds a Master's degree, with additional training in a specific therapeutic area.
Psychodynamic Therapy
- Psychoanalysis: Aims to provide insight into unconscious conflicts; involves long-term treatment (median of 5 years, 4-5 sessions weekly).
- Abnormal behavior arises from conflicts between id, ego, and superego.
Psychoanalysis Techniques
- Free Association: Client shares thoughts and feelings without censorship, while the therapist interprets them.
- Dream Interpretation: Analyzing dreams to uncover unconscious material.
Psychoanalytic Barriers
- Resistance: Client's reluctance to discuss certain topics.
- Transference: Client’s projection of feelings onto the therapist.
Brief Psychodynamic Therapies
- Focus on how past influences negatively impact current behavior; utilizes psychoanalytic concepts actively.
- Interpersonal Therapy: Emphasizes relationships affecting the client's life.
Humanistic Therapies
- Posit that individuals can control their actions and must take responsibility for their behaviors; aims to enhance self-awareness.
- Client-Centered Therapy: Developed by Carl Rogers, emphasizes unconditional positive regard, empathy, and genuineness.
- Gestalt Therapy: Aims to create a sense of wholeness through awareness; often uses group settings and techniques like role-play.
Cognitive Therapies
- Focus on changing maladaptive thinking patterns to improve behavior.
- Key methods include Ellis's Rational-Emotive Therapy and Beck's Cognitive Therapy.
Behavioral Perspective on Therapy
- Applies principles of classical and operant conditioning to treat psychological disorders.
Exposure Therapy
- A behavioral therapy that introduces clients to feared stimuli without the expected negative reaction (unconditioned response) to extinguish the conditioned response, though it can be traumatic.
Systematic Desensitization
- Highly effective (about 80%) for anxiety; incorporates a hierarchy of stimuli and relaxation techniques; less traumatic than exposure therapy but takes longer.
Aversion Therapy
- Involves pairing an unpleasant stimulus with an unwanted behavior or substance to induce aversion.
Token Economies (Operant Conditioning)
- Targets specific behaviors for increase; uses tokens as rewards that can be exchanged for desirable reinforcers.
- Immediate and consistent application enhances effectiveness.
"Third Wave" Mindfulness-Based Therapies
- Adaptations of cognitive and behavioral techniques that integrate humanistic theories and Eastern practices like mindfulness and meditation.
- Mindfulness: A mental state characterized by awareness, focus, and acceptance of present experiences.
Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)
- A "third wave" treatment for borderline personality disorder, facilitating management of intense emotions through diverse therapeutic perspectives.
Neurotransmitters
- Excitatory Neurotransmitters: Depolarize neuron membranes, increasing action potential likelihood; examples include dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine.
- Inhibitory Neurotransmitters: Hyperpolarize neuron membranes, reducing action potential likelihood; example includes GABA.
Deactivation of Neurotransmitters
- Neurotransmitters deactivate through breakdown in the synapse or reuptake into the presynaptic neuron.
Drug Therapy
- Medications impact neurotransmitter activity; can be classified as:
- Agonists: substances that enhance neurotransmitter activity.
- Antagonists: substances that inhibit neurotransmitter activity.
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Description
Explore various types of therapies in Chapter 17 of Into Psychology. This quiz covers the roles of different therapists and key therapeutic approaches, such as psychodynamic therapy. Enhance your understanding of mental health professionals and their practices.
