Intimate Partner Violence Overview

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Questions and Answers

Which forms of abuse can be classified as emotional abuse?

Verbal attacks and threats (correct)

Forcing someone to have sex

Hitting and punching

Restricting access to personal funds

Which region in Canada has the highest rates of intimate partner violence?

Ontario

British Columbia

Manitoba

Nunavut (correct)

What is the primary function of the CTS-2?

To provide therapy for victims

To assess cultural differences in abuse

To measure intimate partner abuse (correct)

To measure emotional abuse in relationships

What percentage of intimate partner violence is primarily committed by male perpetrators?

More than 70% Signup and view all the answers

In which situation do the rates of intimate partner violence between genders tend to level off?

In elder abuse cases Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of therapies aimed at addressing intimate partner violence (IPV)?

Challenging the abuser’s belief in their control Signup and view all the answers

What is one key characteristic of the cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) model used for batterers?

It presents alternative reinforcing behaviors to aggression Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the battered woman/man syndrome in legal contexts?

It is used as a mitigating factor in sentencing considerations Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant concern related to group therapy for abusers of intimate partner violence?

The dropout rate is significantly high at around 70% Signup and view all the answers

What cognitive aspect does CBT aim to challenge in batterers?

Their thoughts justifying the use of violence Signup and view all the answers

How does the patriarchal model of intimate partner violence primarily function?

It supports male-dominant norms that increase violence against women. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of the evolutionary model of intimate partner violence?

It sees abuse as a means of securing relationship resources. Signup and view all the answers

What role do incentive instigators play in intimate partner violence according to the social learning model?

They create a belief that there is something to gain from abusive behavior. Signup and view all the answers

Which phase represents increased conflict before the first assault in the cycle of violence?

Tension-building phase Signup and view all the answers

What is learned helplessness in the context of abusive relationships?

A mindset leading to resignation and lack of control. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of male batterer restricts violence primarily to the home and tends to express remorse?

Family only Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant factor preventing women from leaving abusive relationships?

Concern for children and familial support Signup and view all the answers

Which technique is used to prevent repeat abuse through legislative changes?

Court-mandated treatment programs Signup and view all the answers

What does the newly implemented law allowing victims to inquire about someone’s IPV records aim to achieve?

To prevent potential offenders from victimizing more people. Signup and view all the answers

How does the social learning theory explain the behavior of individuals raised in violent households?

They are likely to emulate the abusive behavior they witnessed. Signup and view all the answers

What effect does the 'honeymoon phase' have on the victim in an abusive relationship?

It creates a continual cycle of hope and disappointment. Signup and view all the answers

Which batterer type exhibits moderate to severe violence and possesses emotional or psychiatric issues?

Dysphoric/borderline Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the primary function of mandatory charging policies in intimate partner violence?

To ensure automatic arrest of the abuser in domestic violence situations. Signup and view all the answers

What is a unique threat faced by victims in same-sex relationships during intimate partner violence scenarios?

Threat to disclose the victim's sexual orientation to family members. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV)

High prevalence in Canada, particularly in Manitoba and Saskatchewan.
Lowest rates in British Columbia, Prince Edward Island, and Ontario.
Nunavut, Northwest Territories, and Yukon have the highest overall rates.

Forms of Abuse

Physical: hitting, punching, stabbing, burning.
Sexual: forcing sexual activity.
Financial: restricting access to funds, stealing pay.
Emotional: verbal attacks, degradation, threats against family members/pets.
Power and Control Wheel: identifies 8 control strategies, including intimidation, emotional abuse, isolation, minimizing/denying/blaming, using children, exploiting male privilege, economic abuse, and threats. Differences exist between heterosexual and same-sex relationships.
CTS-2 (Conflict Tactics Scale): measures different abuse levels, including physical assault, sexual coercion, and psychological aggression.

Perpetrators and Victims

Predominantly, men are perpetrators and women are victims of IPV.
Rates of male-to-male and female-to-female IPV are possibly higher than perceived, although male perpetration is still more common.
Indigenous women are substantially more likely to experience IPV and lethal violence, both in dating and non-IPV situations.

Theoretical Models of IPV

Patriarchal Model: cultural beliefs support male dominance, correlated with higher rates of spousal assault.
Evolutionary Model: abuse evolved as a tactic to maintain control and secure relationship resources.
Social Learning Model: acquired behaviors (violence) are likely reinforced by social factors (social learning theory).
Aversive and Incentive Instigators: factors that trigger violence in perpetrators, and how consequences (external/self) can decrease violence.

Battered Woman/Man Syndrome and Reasons for Staying/Returning

Cycle of Violence: a repeating pattern of tension-building, acting-out, and honeymoon phases.
Learned Helplessness: persistent abuse creates a sense of powerlessness.
Reasons for Returning: fear, hopelessness, lack of resources (money, shelter, familial support), optimism, hope the abuser will change, concern for children.
Resources available for victims need to be known.

Typology of Male Batterers

Family-Only (Type I): limited to the home, least violence, may show remorse.
Dysphoric/Borderline (Type II): some extra-familial activity, moderate to severe violence, emotional/psychiatric problems (jealousy, impulsivity).
Violent/Antisocial (Type III): aggressive across settings, moderate to severe violence, antisocial/narcissistic traits, substance abuse.

Same-Sex Violence

Similar dynamics in same-sex relationships.
Abusers may use unique threats, such as sexuality disclosure; social context matters.

Legislative Changes and Recidivism

Protection Orders: can be difficult to obtain and enforce, but restrictions on firearms are possible.
New Laws: allowing inquiry about potential abuse.
Mandatory Charging Policies: allowing police to forcibly remove the abuser and seek court-mandated treatment.
Court-Mandated Treatment: Duluth model (challenging patriarchal beliefs), CBT (learning and reinforcement behavior modification), and Correctional Service of Canada programs. (70% dropout rate in some group settings)

Legal Defense

Battered Woman/Man syndrome is presented as a mitigating factor in court cases involving killing an abuser, NOT a clear defense similar to NCRMD (Not Criminally Responsible on account of a Mental Disorder)
Various elements, such as learned helplessness and hypervigilance, are considered in such cases.

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Description

Explore the prevalence, forms, and dynamics of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) in Canada. This quiz covers statistics, various types of abuse, and the roles of perpetrators and victims, shedding light on a critical societal issue. Understand key concepts like the Power and Control Wheel and the Conflict Tactics Scale.