Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary role of the zone of polarizing activity (ZPA) in the limb bud?
What is the primary role of the zone of polarizing activity (ZPA) in the limb bud?
- Inducing mirror-image duplications in grafted limb buds (correct)
- Causing cyclopia in newborn lambs
- Expressing Sonic hedgehog in the nervous system
- Converting anterior limb bud tissue into tissue with polarizing activity
What effect does retinoic acid have on Sonic hedgehog expression in the anterior limb bud?
What effect does retinoic acid have on Sonic hedgehog expression in the anterior limb bud?
- It inhibits Sonic hedgehog expression
- It has no effect on Sonic hedgehog expression
- It induces Sonic hedgehog expression (correct)
- It causes limb duplications
What is the relationship between the gene Sonic hedgehog and the Drosophila segment polarity gene hedgehog?
What is the relationship between the gene Sonic hedgehog and the Drosophila segment polarity gene hedgehog?
- They both have similar effects on the nervous system
- Sonic hedgehog is related to the Drosophila segment polarity gene hedgehog (correct)
- Sonic hedgehog can polarize limbs in grafting experiments, whereas hedgehog cannot
- Sonic hedgehog is unrelated to hedgehog
What effect does the overexpression of the endosomal protein Rab5c have on the Fgf8 gradient?
What effect does the overexpression of the endosomal protein Rab5c have on the Fgf8 gradient?
What is the impact of inhibiting endocytosis with the dominant negative GTPase dynamin on the Fgf8 gradient?
What is the impact of inhibiting endocytosis with the dominant negative GTPase dynamin on the Fgf8 gradient?
Which mechanism influences the amount of Fgf8 protein ultimately secreted from a producing cell?
Which mechanism influences the amount of Fgf8 protein ultimately secreted from a producing cell?
What are the major sources of pluripotent stem cells from the early embryo?
What are the major sources of pluripotent stem cells from the early embryo?
Where do the intestinal stem cell (ISC) and progenitors reside?
Where do the intestinal stem cell (ISC) and progenitors reside?
What was sufficient to increase both vasculature and the population of neural progenitors in an old mouse?
What was sufficient to increase both vasculature and the population of neural progenitors in an old mouse?
What factors are involved in inducing ectoderm lineages from ESCs?
What factors are involved in inducing ectoderm lineages from ESCs?
How are ESCs induced to become primitive streak-like cells for mesoderm or endoderm lineages?
How are ESCs induced to become primitive streak-like cells for mesoderm or endoderm lineages?
What is the role of the four transcription factors in the process of inducing pluripotency in iPS cells?
What is the role of the four transcription factors in the process of inducing pluripotency in iPS cells?
What is the purpose of injecting hematopoietic progenitor and stem cells into the original mouse?
What is the purpose of injecting hematopoietic progenitor and stem cells into the original mouse?
What distinguishes iPS cells?
What distinguishes iPS cells?
What are the key factors used to differentiate ESCs into the cell types of each germ layer?
What are the key factors used to differentiate ESCs into the cell types of each germ layer?
What is the primary role of morphogens?
What is the primary role of morphogens?
In the context of lipid modifications, which molecule is highlighted in the text?
In the context of lipid modifications, which molecule is highlighted in the text?
What is the significance of wint in regulating cell signaling pathways?
What is the significance of wint in regulating cell signaling pathways?
What do the cells on the top of the dorsal ventral axis line versus the cells on the bottom of the line dictate?
What do the cells on the top of the dorsal ventral axis line versus the cells on the bottom of the line dictate?
What will cells more distal from the middle of the wing give rise to?
What will cells more distal from the middle of the wing give rise to?
What happens if a specific factor called swim is mutated?
What happens if a specific factor called swim is mutated?
What is the role of the gene distal-less in the formation of appendages?
What is the role of the gene distal-less in the formation of appendages?
What happens to the broad domain of the downstream factor activation in the swim mutant?
What happens to the broad domain of the downstream factor activation in the swim mutant?
What is the function of the fgfa molecules produced by cells in the experiment?
What is the function of the fgfa molecules produced by cells in the experiment?
What happens to cells as they become more differentiated?
What happens to cells as they become more differentiated?
What type of cells are homatoportic stem cells?
What type of cells are homatoportic stem cells?
What do early factors enable super potent stem cells to do?
What do early factors enable super potent stem cells to do?
What is the trajectory of cells as they become less responsive and more autonomous?
What is the trajectory of cells as they become less responsive and more autonomous?
What is one way to connect back to conditional and autonomous specification?
What is one way to connect back to conditional and autonomous specification?
In what state are cells less able to be conditioned on their cellular context?
In what state are cells less able to be conditioned on their cellular context?
