lecture 8

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What is the primary role of the zone of polarizing activity (ZPA) in the limb bud?

Inducing mirror-image duplications in grafted limb buds (correct)

Causing cyclopia in newborn lambs

Expressing Sonic hedgehog in the nervous system

Converting anterior limb bud tissue into tissue with polarizing activity

What effect does retinoic acid have on Sonic hedgehog expression in the anterior limb bud?

It inhibits Sonic hedgehog expression

It has no effect on Sonic hedgehog expression

It induces Sonic hedgehog expression (correct)

It causes limb duplications

What is the relationship between the gene Sonic hedgehog and the Drosophila segment polarity gene hedgehog?

They both have similar effects on the nervous system

Sonic hedgehog is related to the Drosophila segment polarity gene hedgehog (correct)

Sonic hedgehog can polarize limbs in grafting experiments, whereas hedgehog cannot

Sonic hedgehog is unrelated to hedgehog

What effect does the overexpression of the endosomal protein Rab5c have on the Fgf8 gradient?

It yields a steeper and shorter Fgf8 gradient Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of inhibiting endocytosis with the dominant negative GTPase dynamin on the Fgf8 gradient?

It causes a shallower and longer Fgf8 gradient Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism influences the amount of Fgf8 protein ultimately secreted from a producing cell?

The difference in the rate of fgf8 transcription and fgf8 mRNA decay Signup and view all the answers

What are the major sources of pluripotent stem cells from the early embryo?

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and embryonic germ cells Signup and view all the answers

Where do the intestinal stem cell (ISC) and progenitors reside?

At the base of the crypts Signup and view all the answers

What was sufficient to increase both vasculature and the population of neural progenitors in an old mouse?

Administering GDF11 into the circulatory system Signup and view all the answers

What factors are involved in inducing ectoderm lineages from ESCs?

Wnt and Bmp4 Signup and view all the answers

How are ESCs induced to become primitive streak-like cells for mesoderm or endoderm lineages?

By activating paracrine factors like Wnt and Bmp4 Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the four transcription factors in the process of inducing pluripotency in iPS cells?

Converting cells to a pluripotent state Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of injecting hematopoietic progenitor and stem cells into the original mouse?

To cure the sickle-cell anemia in the mouse Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes iPS cells?

They are distinctive in shape Signup and view all the answers

What are the key factors used to differentiate ESCs into the cell types of each germ layer?

Paracrine factors and transcription factors Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of morphogens?

Inducing dramatic morphogenetic changes Signup and view all the answers

In the context of lipid modifications, which molecule is highlighted in the text?

Notum Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of wint in regulating cell signaling pathways?

It is associated with cell signaling pathways like Sonic hedgehog and lipid modifications Signup and view all the answers

What do the cells on the top of the dorsal ventral axis line versus the cells on the bottom of the line dictate?

Whether they contribute to the back side of the wing or the eventual side of the wing Signup and view all the answers

What will cells more distal from the middle of the wing give rise to?

The most distal parts of the wing Signup and view all the answers

What happens if a specific factor called swim is mutated?

Unknown Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the gene distal-less in the formation of appendages?

It is crucial for distal formation and distal identity of appendages Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the broad domain of the downstream factor activation in the swim mutant?

It becomes further restricted due to improper dispersion of wing molecules Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the fgfa molecules produced by cells in the experiment?

Promoting proper activation of distal cells in the wing Signup and view all the answers

What happens to cells as they become more differentiated?

They become less responsive Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells are homatoportic stem cells?

Stem cells that give rise to various blood cells Signup and view all the answers

What do early factors enable super potent stem cells to do?

Maintain their potency Signup and view all the answers

What is the trajectory of cells as they become less responsive and more autonomous?

They become locked in Signup and view all the answers

What is one way to connect back to conditional and autonomous specification?

By discussing the factors relevant at different stages Signup and view all the answers

In what state are cells less able to be conditioned on their cellular context?

Differentiated state Signup and view all the answers

lecture 8

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of the zone of polarizing activity (ZPA) in the limb bud?

What effect does retinoic acid have on Sonic hedgehog expression in the anterior limb bud?

What is the relationship between the gene Sonic hedgehog and the Drosophila segment polarity gene hedgehog?

What effect does the overexpression of the endosomal protein Rab5c have on the Fgf8 gradient?

What is the impact of inhibiting endocytosis with the dominant negative GTPase dynamin on the Fgf8 gradient?

Which mechanism influences the amount of Fgf8 protein ultimately secreted from a producing cell?

What are the major sources of pluripotent stem cells from the early embryo?

Where do the intestinal stem cell (ISC) and progenitors reside?

What was sufficient to increase both vasculature and the population of neural progenitors in an old mouse?

What factors are involved in inducing ectoderm lineages from ESCs?

How are ESCs induced to become primitive streak-like cells for mesoderm or endoderm lineages?

What is the role of the four transcription factors in the process of inducing pluripotency in iPS cells?

What is the purpose of injecting hematopoietic progenitor and stem cells into the original mouse?

What distinguishes iPS cells?

What are the key factors used to differentiate ESCs into the cell types of each germ layer?

What is the primary role of morphogens?

In the context of lipid modifications, which molecule is highlighted in the text?

What is the significance of wint in regulating cell signaling pathways?

What do the cells on the top of the dorsal ventral axis line versus the cells on the bottom of the line dictate?

What will cells more distal from the middle of the wing give rise to?

What happens if a specific factor called swim is mutated?

What is the role of the gene distal-less in the formation of appendages?

What happens to the broad domain of the downstream factor activation in the swim mutant?

What is the function of the fgfa molecules produced by cells in the experiment?

What happens to cells as they become more differentiated?

What type of cells are homatoportic stem cells?

What do early factors enable super potent stem cells to do?

What is the trajectory of cells as they become less responsive and more autonomous?

What is one way to connect back to conditional and autonomous specification?

In what state are cells less able to be conditioned on their cellular context?

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lecture 8

Podcast Beta

Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of the zone of polarizing activity (ZPA) in the limb bud?

What effect does retinoic acid have on Sonic hedgehog expression in the anterior limb bud?

What is the relationship between the gene Sonic hedgehog and the Drosophila segment polarity gene hedgehog?

What effect does the overexpression of the endosomal protein Rab5c have on the Fgf8 gradient?

What is the impact of inhibiting endocytosis with the dominant negative GTPase dynamin on the Fgf8 gradient?

Which mechanism influences the amount of Fgf8 protein ultimately secreted from a producing cell?

What are the major sources of pluripotent stem cells from the early embryo?

Where do the intestinal stem cell (ISC) and progenitors reside?

What was sufficient to increase both vasculature and the population of neural progenitors in an old mouse?

What factors are involved in inducing ectoderm lineages from ESCs?

How are ESCs induced to become primitive streak-like cells for mesoderm or endoderm lineages?

What is the role of the four transcription factors in the process of inducing pluripotency in iPS cells?

What is the purpose of injecting hematopoietic progenitor and stem cells into the original mouse?

What distinguishes iPS cells?

What are the key factors used to differentiate ESCs into the cell types of each germ layer?

What is the primary role of morphogens?

In the context of lipid modifications, which molecule is highlighted in the text?

What is the significance of wint in regulating cell signaling pathways?

What do the cells on the top of the dorsal ventral axis line versus the cells on the bottom of the line dictate?

What will cells more distal from the middle of the wing give rise to?

What happens if a specific factor called swim is mutated?

What is the role of the gene distal-less in the formation of appendages?

What happens to the broad domain of the downstream factor activation in the swim mutant?

What is the function of the fgfa molecules produced by cells in the experiment?

What happens to cells as they become more differentiated?

What type of cells are homatoportic stem cells?

What do early factors enable super potent stem cells to do?

What is the trajectory of cells as they become less responsive and more autonomous?

What is one way to connect back to conditional and autonomous specification?

In what state are cells less able to be conditioned on their cellular context?

More Quizzes Like This

ISC Class XI Economics Quiz

ISC Class 12 Commerce Planning Quiz

ISC Certification Exam Dumps and Interview Q&amp;A

ISC Class 12 English Literature Quiz: Setting, Character Development,...

ISC Certification Exam Dumps and Interview Q&A