Podcast
Questions and Answers
Giardia duodenalis is commonly associated with ______ diarrhea.
Giardia duodenalis is commonly associated with ______ diarrhea.
traveller's
The genus of the intestinal flagellate known for causing Beaver Fever is ______.
The genus of the intestinal flagellate known for causing Beaver Fever is ______.
Giardia
Giardia duodenalis can lead to a condition known as ______ syndrome.
Giardia duodenalis can lead to a condition known as ______ syndrome.
malabsorption
Flagellates belong to the subphylum ______ in the taxonomy of protozoa.
Flagellates belong to the subphylum ______ in the taxonomy of protozoa.
Giardia duodenalis has two identical nuclei lying side by ______.
Giardia duodenalis has two identical nuclei lying side by ______.
Dysuria is also possible due to ______.
Dysuria is also possible due to ______.
Infected individuals are treated with ______.
Infected individuals are treated with ______.
Saline preparation is the quickest way to diagnose ______.
Saline preparation is the quickest way to diagnose ______.
A common method for managing inflammation in the vagina is a ______ douch.
A common method for managing inflammation in the vagina is a ______ douch.
The Gold Standard for culture diagnosis of trichomoniasis takes about ______ days.
The Gold Standard for culture diagnosis of trichomoniasis takes about ______ days.
For benign infections, DUODENAL ______ may be necessary to demonstrate trophozoites.
For benign infections, DUODENAL ______ may be necessary to demonstrate trophozoites.
The Entero-Test, also known as the ______ Test, is used to detect parasites in the upper part of the small intestine.
The Entero-Test, also known as the ______ Test, is used to detect parasites in the upper part of the small intestine.
A young cyst of Giardia lamblia has ______ nuclei.
A young cyst of Giardia lamblia has ______ nuclei.
A mature cyst of Giardia lamblia is characterized by having ______ nuclei.
A mature cyst of Giardia lamblia is characterized by having ______ nuclei.
PCR stands for ______ Chain Reaction, which is a technique used to amplify DNA sequences.
PCR stands for ______ Chain Reaction, which is a technique used to amplify DNA sequences.
Flagyl, also known as ______, is an antiamoebic and anti-infective medication.
Flagyl, also known as ______, is an antiamoebic and anti-infective medication.
Proper disposal of human ______ is essential for prevention and control of infections.
Proper disposal of human ______ is essential for prevention and control of infections.
Pregnant women are advised not to take metronidazole during the ______ trimester of pregnancy.
Pregnant women are advised not to take metronidazole during the ______ trimester of pregnancy.
Movement is made possible by the presence of ______
Movement is made possible by the presence of ______
Giardia lamblia is also known as ______
Giardia lamblia is also known as ______
Giardia lamblia lacks ______ and golgi apparatus
Giardia lamblia lacks ______ and golgi apparatus
Giardia lamblia commonly causes ______ and Giardiasis
Giardia lamblia commonly causes ______ and Giardiasis
Giardia lamblia has a distinctive motility known as ______ motility
Giardia lamblia has a distinctive motility known as ______ motility
The organism is commonly found in ______ stools
The organism is commonly found in ______ stools
Giardia lamblia is transmitted via ______-borne outbreaks
Giardia lamblia is transmitted via ______-borne outbreaks
Giardia lamblia exists in both trophozoite and ______ forms
Giardia lamblia exists in both trophozoite and ______ forms
The only known parasitic intestinal ______
The only known parasitic intestinal ______
The incubation period for the parasite is ______ days.
The incubation period for the parasite is ______ days.
The parasite damages the microvilli by coating the intestinal ______.
The parasite damages the microvilli by coating the intestinal ______.
Symptoms include diarrhea, dehydration, abdominal cramps, and ______.
Symptoms include diarrhea, dehydration, abdominal cramps, and ______.
Steatorrhea is an increase in ______ excretion in the stools.
Steatorrhea is an increase in ______ excretion in the stools.
The disease known as ‘Gay Bowel Syndrome’ is associated with sexually transmitted ______ diseases.
The disease known as ‘Gay Bowel Syndrome’ is associated with sexually transmitted ______ diseases.
‘Beaver Fever’ is named after an outbreak involving hikers drinking untreated ______ water.
‘Beaver Fever’ is named after an outbreak involving hikers drinking untreated ______ water.
Diagnosis can be made by recognizing trophozoites or cysts in stained fecal ______.
Diagnosis can be made by recognizing trophozoites or cysts in stained fecal ______.
Trophozoite will attach to the villous surface of ______, causing abdominal pain, cramps and dysentery.
Trophozoite will attach to the villous surface of ______, causing abdominal pain, cramps and dysentery.
The trophozoite can actually move to the colon and bind to the mucosal surface there and produce ______ (encystation).
The trophozoite can actually move to the colon and bind to the mucosal surface there and produce ______ (encystation).
These resistant cysts are the infective form and can survive for months in ______ climates.
These resistant cysts are the infective form and can survive for months in ______ climates.
Symptoms of infection include abdominal pain, nausea, and ______.
Symptoms of infection include abdominal pain, nausea, and ______.
Chronic infection can be associated with ______ malabsorption and lactose intolerance.
Chronic infection can be associated with ______ malabsorption and lactose intolerance.
Microscopic examination of ______ in the stool is key for diagnosis.
Microscopic examination of ______ in the stool is key for diagnosis.
The treatment for this infection includes ______.
The treatment for this infection includes ______.
Trichomonas vaginalis is noted for its size ranging from ______ um.
Trichomonas vaginalis is noted for its size ranging from ______ um.
Flashcards
Giardia Lamblia
Giardia Lamblia
A tiny, single-celled organism found in the intestines of humans and animals. It can cause diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and other digestive problems.
Traveller's Diarrhea
Traveller's Diarrhea
A type of diarrhea that often affects travelers, especially those visiting developing countries. It's often caused by Giardia Lamblia.
Beaver Fever
Beaver Fever
The condition caused by Giardia Lamblia infection, particularly in areas with beavers.
Malabsorption Syndrome
Malabsorption Syndrome
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Gay Bowel Syndrome
Gay Bowel Syndrome
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Trophozoite (Giardia)
Trophozoite (Giardia)
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Cyst (Giardia)
Cyst (Giardia)
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Falling Leaf Motility
Falling Leaf Motility
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Adhesive Disc (Giardia)
Adhesive Disc (Giardia)
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Contaminated Water (Giardia transmission)
Contaminated Water (Giardia transmission)
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Binary Fission (Giardia)
Binary Fission (Giardia)
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Variant Surface Proteins (Giardia)
Variant Surface Proteins (Giardia)
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Giardia
Giardia
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Incubation period for Giardia
Incubation period for Giardia
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Pathogenesis of Giardia
Pathogenesis of Giardia
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Steatorrhea
Steatorrhea
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Transmission of Giardia
Transmission of Giardia
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Diagnosis of Giardia
Diagnosis of Giardia
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Trophozoite
Trophozoite
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Cyst
Cyst
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Giardiasis
Giardiasis
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Diarrhea
Diarrhea
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Microscopic examination of stool
Microscopic examination of stool
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Metronidazole
Metronidazole
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Excystation
Excystation
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Encystation
Encystation
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Entero-Test
Entero-Test
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Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
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Direct fluorescent antibody assay
Direct fluorescent antibody assay
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Trichomonas Hominis
Trichomonas Hominis
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Trichomoniasis
Trichomoniasis
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Saline Preparation
Saline Preparation
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Trichomoniasis Culture
Trichomoniasis Culture
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Vinegar Douch
Vinegar Douch
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Study Notes
Intestinal and Genital Flagellates
- Species are lumen parasites, not tissue parasites
- Giardia lamblia found in the duodenum
- Trichomonas vaginalis in the vagina
Giardia Duodenalis
- Taxonomy: Kingdom: Animalia, Subkingdom: Protozoa, Phylum: Sarcomastigophora, Subphylum: Zoomastigophora, Class: Zoomastigophora, Order: Diplomonadida, Family: Hexamitidae, Genus: Giardia, Species: Lamblia
- History: First observed in 1681 by Leeuwenhoek; later renamed Giardia lamblia in 1915
- Classification: Flagellate
- Morphology: Two identical nuclei, flagella for movement, lacks mitochondria and Golgi apparatus
- Location: Duodenum, jejunum, upper ileum
- Distribution: Cosmopolitan
- Pathogenicity: Traveller's diarrhea, Beaver Fever, steatorrhea, malabsorption syndrome, gay bowel syndrome. Damages microvilli, impacting nutrient absorption
- Common Sources: Waterborne outbreaks, poor sanitation.
Trichomonads
- Human Trichomonas: Trichomonas vaginalis, Trichomonas hominis, Trichomonas tenax. T. vaginalis being the largest
- Family: Trichomonadidae
- Morphology: Easily identified by anterior flagella tuft, axostyle, undulating membrane. Pear-shaped, single-nucleated.
- Location: Intestinal tract (T. tenax in the mouth), Genital tract (T.vaginalis).
- Pathogenesis: associated with other sexual diseases; cause vaginal inflammation and discharge.
Balantidium coli
- Taxonomy: Kingdom:Protista, Phylum: Ciliophora
- Clinical Significance: Only known ciliate pathogenic to humans
- Morphology: Large, ciliated protozoan, oval-shaped trophozoites with a "sausage-shaped" macronucleus, and a cytostome (mouth), cytopyge (anus). Cysts are spherical.
- Disease: Balantidiasis (balantidial dysentery)
- Hosts: Pigs, wild boars, rats; Humans are accidental hosts; most significant host is pigs (not typically showing symptoms)
- Transmission: Fecal-oral route from contaminated water or food
- Pathology:Causes ulceration of large intestine (colon) resulting in dysentery.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the structure, classification, and pathogenicity of intestinal and genital flagellates, specifically Giardia lamblia and Trichomonas vaginalis. Understand their habitats, morphology, and common disease associations.
