Interwar Period: Rise of Dictatorships
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Questions and Answers

Who became Prime Minister of Japan in October 1941?

  • Emperor Hirohito
  • Hideki Tojo (correct)
  • Isoroku Yamamoto
  • Katsuichi Nakayama

Hideki Tojo was a member of the Imperial Way faction.

False (B)

What significant event did the Nazis exploit to increase their popularity in Germany?

Hyperinflation

The __________ was seen as a major contributing factor to the decline of the Weimar Republic.

<p>Treaty of Versailles</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the main issues of the Weimar Republic's voting system?

<p>Proportional representation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the event with its impact on the Weimar Republic:

<p>Kapp Putsch = Loss of public confidence Ruhar Crisis = Hyperinflation Treaty of Versailles = Harsh reparations Printing money = Decreased currency value</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did propaganda play in Japanese militarism under Hirohito?

<p>It helped establish Hirohito's divine status and promoted loyalty.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The rise of the Nazi party in Germany occurred without any economic crises.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one significant consequence of nationalism for countries like Japan, Germany, and Italy?

<p>Development of racist and xenophobic attitudes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Japan was significantly affected by the Great Depression due to its reliance on trade.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many soldiers did Japan contribute to the Allied war effort?

<p>800,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hitler used the Great Depression to gain support by promising to ____ Germany.

<p>save</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ideology was predominately associated with Italy during this period?

<p>Fascism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the country with its associated ideology:

<p>Germany = Nazism Russia = Socialism/Communism Italy = Fascism Japan = Imperialism</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Japanese government reported more than 4,000 missing or dead soldiers after the war.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major response of Mussolini to the Great Depression in Italy?

<p>Major building jobs and increased employment</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Benito Mussolini's primary goal after rising to power?

<p>Revision of the post-war settlement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mussolini's regime was characterized by extreme brutality similar to that of Hitler's.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What political system and economic condition did Italy face at the end of 1919?

<p>Political distress and severe unemployment</p> Signup and view all the answers

The youth organizations established by Mussolini were known as the 'Avanguardia' for boys and the ______ for girls.

<p>Giovani Italiane</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the features of the Fascist regime with their descriptions:

<p>Press freedom = Disappeared during Mussolini's rule Youth indoctrination = Initiated organizations like 'Avanguardia' Nationalism = Core ideology of Mussolini's Fascism Anti-communism = Opposition to communist ideologies</p> Signup and view all the answers

What event demonstrated the strength of Mussolini's Fascist movement?

<p>March on Rome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mussolini's political ideology primarily supported democratic values.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

By February 1921, how many members did the Fascist Party have?

<p>100,000 members</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Tojo's dictatorship

Hideki Tojo became Japan's Prime Minister in 1941 and quickly became a dictator by taking several key government positions. This involved promoting loyalty and removing opponents.

Control Faction

A group within Japan's government that Tojo belonged to. They often clashed with other groups like the Imperial Way.

Proportional Representation

A voting system where seats in the government are allocated based on the proportion of votes each party gets. It can make forming governments difficult.

Treaty of Versailles

A treaty that ended World War I. It placed harsh conditions on Germany, like reparations payments, and contributed to economic problems.

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Nazi party's advantage

The Nazi party used Germany's problems, like economic issues and resentment from the Treaty of Versailles, to gain popularity and power.

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Hyperinflation

A period of extremely high inflation, when the value of money falls rapidly. It destroys the economy.

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Rhur Crisis

A crisis in the 1920s when France occupied parts of Germany. The crisis caused hyperinflation in Germany which helped the rise of the Nazis.

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Weimar Republic

The democratic government of Germany after World War I that struggled with political instability and economic crisis.

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Italian Fascism

A political ideology in Italy that emphasized nationalism and opposed communism and democracy.

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Mussolini's March on Rome

A significant public display of strength by Mussolini and the Fascist Party in 1922 that helped lead to Mussolini taking power.

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Post-WW1 Italy's Political Conditions

Italy faced severe political and economic hardship following World War One, including high unemployment, currency devaluation, and rising living costs.

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Italian Fascism's goal

To revise, or change, the Treaty of Versailles.

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Fascism's features

Suppression of individual freedoms, development of a cult of personality around the leader, and indoctrination of youth.

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Loss of Press Freedom

Under Fascism, freedom of reporting was taken away.

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Italian Youth Programs

Programs like 'Avanguardia' and 'Giovani Italiane' that were used by Fascism to indoctrinate children.

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Fascism's opposition

Fascism's primary opposition was to communism and democracy.

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Japanese War Casualties

Japan contributed significantly to the Allied war effort, although it suffered substantial casualties with approximately 300,000 soldiers lost, many more were wounded, and the government reported a much larger number of missing soldiers.

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Growth of Extreme Ideologies

Germany, Russia, Italy, and Japan developed extreme ideologies, often intertwined with nationalism, creating a climate of hostility during the interwar period.

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Effects of Nationalism

Nationalism fostered racist and xenophobic attitudes, promoted a sense of national duty, used scapegoating, and led to disregard for international agreements.

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Great Depression

A severe global economic downturn affecting several countries, characterized by factors such as inflation, unemployment, under-and overproduction.

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Hitler's Use of Great Depression

Hitler exploited the Great Depression's economic woes in Germany, promising recovery and national revival, gaining political support.

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Mussolini's Response to Great Depression

Mussolini used state-led projects to address the Great Depression with emphasis on self-sufficiency and increased employment within Italy.

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Japan's Reaction to the Great Depression

Japan's reliance on international trade, particularly silk, worsened during the Great Depression leading to the invasion of Manchuria. This action reflected a perceived need for resources and validation of imperial objectives.

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Dictators and War

The Great Depression and economic hardship allowed dictators to gain popularity by promising national liberation.

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Study Notes

Survey Period (1919-1946) - Brief Notes

  • Treaty of Trianon (June 1920): Hungary lost territory to Romania and Yugoslavia; military reduced to 35,000.
  • Treaty of Saint-Germain (September 1919): Austria lost territory to Czechoslovakia, Poland, and Italy; military reduced to 35,000.
  • Treaty of Versailles (June 1919): Germany's military restricted (army to 100,000, no tanks, air force, u-boats, navy); forced to pay 6.6 billion pounds in reparations; lost territory and colonies.
  • Economic Impact: Reparations crippled the German economy.
  • War Crimes: Article 231 listed Germans responsible for war, including Kaiser Wilhelm II.
  • League of Nations: Established in 1920; Germany was not a member.

Focus of Study: Rise of Dictatorships (Interwar Period)

  • World War I and Treaty of Versailles: Both contributed to severe economic, political, and social hardship.
  • Germany: Had to pay war reparations; the "stab in the back" myth demonized groups like Jews.
  • Russia: Lost significant territory and population due to the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk; experienced extreme hardship.
  • Italy: The country was dissatisfied with the Paris Peace Conference and suffered high unemployment and inflation.
  • Japan: Suffered less, but suffered losses during the war; experienced economic issues in the 1930s.

Dictatorships' Characteristics

  • Extreme Ideologies: Nationalism, racism, xenophobia, and expansionism were used. Economic hardships and social anxieties were exploited.
  • Cult of Personality: Dictators used propaganda and popular appeal to maintain power.
  • Propaganda: Information and media were controlled and manipulated, promoting the dictator and their ideology.
  • Use of Force/Repression: Suppress opposition to maintain control through secret police, violence and imprisonment.
  • Totalitarian Control: Dictators sought to control every aspect of citizens' lives, from daily routines to opinions.

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Related Documents

Power and Authority in the Modern World (1919-1946) PDF

Description

Explore the factors that led to the rise of dictatorships during the interwar period, specifically from 1919 to 1946. This quiz covers key treaties, economic impacts, and the social conditions that facilitated authoritarian regimes in Europe. Dive into the consequences of World War I and how they set the stage for future political turmoil.

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