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Questions and Answers
What is a characteristic of the Clinician-Directed Approach?
What is a characteristic of the Clinician-Directed Approach?
Which intervention approach is considered most natural?
Which intervention approach is considered most natural?
What is a potential disadvantage of the Clinician-Directed Approach?
What is a potential disadvantage of the Clinician-Directed Approach?
In which type of clinician-directed activity does the SLP provide reinforcement within a motivated event?
In which type of clinician-directed activity does the SLP provide reinforcement within a motivated event?
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Which of the following is a pro of the Clinician-Directed Approach?
Which of the following is a pro of the Clinician-Directed Approach?
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What is the main goal of 'drill' in clinician-directed activities?
What is the main goal of 'drill' in clinician-directed activities?
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The hybrid approach in intervention activities varies along which of the following?
The hybrid approach in intervention activities varies along which of the following?
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What is a primary characteristic of the Child-Centered Approach?
What is a primary characteristic of the Child-Centered Approach?
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What is a common feature of the activities in the Clinician-Directed Approach?
What is a common feature of the activities in the Clinician-Directed Approach?
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What does the clinician do in the Child-Centered Approach when a child demonstrates communication behavior?
What does the clinician do in the Child-Centered Approach when a child demonstrates communication behavior?
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Which of the following is NOT a key component of the Child-Centered Approach?
Which of the following is NOT a key component of the Child-Centered Approach?
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What is a disadvantage of the Child-Centered Approach?
What is a disadvantage of the Child-Centered Approach?
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Which language facilitation strategy involves matching the clinician's actions to the child's actions?
Which language facilitation strategy involves matching the clinician's actions to the child's actions?
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Which of the following is a potential benefit of the Child-Centered Approach?
Which of the following is a potential benefit of the Child-Centered Approach?
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What is a common misconception about the Child-Centered Approach?
What is a common misconception about the Child-Centered Approach?
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Which of these strategies emphasizes commenting on the child's actions?
Which of these strategies emphasizes commenting on the child's actions?
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What is the primary goal of the imitation technique in language therapy?
What is the primary goal of the imitation technique in language therapy?
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Which hybrid approach involves arranging the context to tempt the child to produce targeted forms?
Which hybrid approach involves arranging the context to tempt the child to produce targeted forms?
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What is the unique component of Vertical Structuring compared to other language facilitation techniques?
What is the unique component of Vertical Structuring compared to other language facilitation techniques?
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Which component is NOT part of Milieu Communication Training?
Which component is NOT part of Milieu Communication Training?
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How does script therapy support language development?
How does script therapy support language development?
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Which technique involves expanding a child's utterance and then breaking it down into smaller components?
Which technique involves expanding a child's utterance and then breaking it down into smaller components?
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What is a distinguishing feature of hybrid approaches in language therapy?
What is a distinguishing feature of hybrid approaches in language therapy?
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What does the term 'expansions' refer to in language intervention techniques?
What does the term 'expansions' refer to in language intervention techniques?
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What is the main purpose of intervention in addressing language disorders?
What is the main purpose of intervention in addressing language disorders?
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Which of the following is NOT a consideration when developing an intervention plan?
Which of the following is NOT a consideration when developing an intervention plan?
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What does Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) emphasize in the context of interventions?
What does Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) emphasize in the context of interventions?
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What does the PICO model in Evidence-Based Practice stand for?
What does the PICO model in Evidence-Based Practice stand for?
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Which of the following elements should NOT be included when setting goals for intervention?
Which of the following elements should NOT be included when setting goals for intervention?
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What is one key product of intervention when setting goals?
What is one key product of intervention when setting goals?
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Which service delivery model aims to change the environment in the context of intervention?
Which service delivery model aims to change the environment in the context of intervention?
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When evaluating intervention outcomes, what is the primary requirement implied by ASHA’s code of ethics?
When evaluating intervention outcomes, what is the primary requirement implied by ASHA’s code of ethics?
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What is the primary goal of primary prevention in language disorders?
What is the primary goal of primary prevention in language disorders?
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Which activity is NOT typically associated with the role of speech-language pathologists in secondary prevention?
Which activity is NOT typically associated with the role of speech-language pathologists in secondary prevention?
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What is the most common level of prevention engaged by speech-language pathologists?
What is the most common level of prevention engaged by speech-language pathologists?
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Which of the following best describes the role of speech-language pathologists in the planning and evaluation of language intervention programs?
Which of the following best describes the role of speech-language pathologists in the planning and evaluation of language intervention programs?
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What is a key focus of secondary prevention in language disorders?
What is a key focus of secondary prevention in language disorders?
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Study Notes
The Purpose of Intervention
- Intervention goals are to change or eliminate underlying problems, change disorders, teach compensatory strategies, change the environment, and ultimately, to change language behavior.
- The purpose of intervention should be determined before developing an intervention plan.
Developing Intervention Plan
- Intervention plans should be carefully considered and planned.
- The plan should incorporate evidence-based practice principles.
- Evidence Based Practice (EBP) is a method of making clinical decisions using the best available, unbiased research results, clinical expertise and client perspective.
Evidence Based Practice
- The "PICO" elements are used to formulate clinical questions for EBP:
- P - Patient or Problem
- I - Intervention being considered
- C - Comparison treatment (e.g., prevailing approach or no treatment)
- O - desired Outcome
Products of Intervention: Setting Goals
- Intervention goals are categorized into three levels:
- Intend Products: Objectives
- Process Used: Intervention Approaches
- Contexts, or environments: Where the intervention is taking place
Objectives
- Goal selection is a vital aspect of intervention.
- Assessment results serve as the primary source for goal setting.
- Goals can be categorized into three levels of priority:
- Lower Priority: Forms and functions used in 50% to 90% of required contexts.
- Mid Priority: Forms and functions used in 10% to 50% of required contexts.
- High Priority: Forms that clients do not use at all and do not demonstrate understanding of in receptive task formats.
Process Used
- There is a continuum of naturalness in intervention approaches.
- Intervention approaches vary in their naturalness.
- Some activities are highly natural, closer to real-life situations (e.g., play at home).
- Others are highly structured and controlled (e.g., drill-based activities in a clinic).
Intervention Approaches
-
Clinician-Directed Approach
- Highly controlled and structured.
- Clinician chooses tools, methods, reinforcement, and acceptable forms.
- Examples: Drill, discrete trial interventions.
- Pros: Maximizes opportunities for producing target forms, provides structure and reinforcement, effective in eliciting language forms, may be effective for children with severe disabilities.
- Cons: Generalization to natural settings may be limited.
Clinician-Directed Approach: Types of Activities
- Drill: Target selected, response explained, stimuli presented in order, correct responses reinforced.
- Drill Play: Similar to drill, but integrated within a motivating event (e.g., game).
- Modeling: Target selected, response modeled by a third person, child imitates the model, correct responses reinforced.
Child-Centered Approach
- Child-driven, clinician follows the child's lead.
- The child chooses materials, clinician provides models when appropriate.
- No tangible reinforcement or prompting.
- The clinician observes, waits, and listens to the child, then responds using language facilitation techniques.
- Known as: Indirect language stimulation, Language facilitation, Facilitative play, Pragmaticism, Developmental or developmental, pragmatic approaches.
- Pros: Naturalistic, provides the lead for the child, motivating, useful for eliciting comments from children with ASD, promotes generalization, therapy is play and fun.
- Cons: Some children may not respond, difficulties in keeping data, some behaviors can not be established, time consuming (sometimes).
Language Facilitation Strategies
- Self talk: modeling comments on actions.
- Parallel talk: providing self talk for the child.
- Imitations: imitating what the child says.
- Expansions: repeating what the child said, adding grammatical markers and semantic details.
- Extensions: adding semantic information to the child's comments.
- Buildups and breakdowns: expanding child's utterances, then breaking it down into phrases.
- Recast sentences: rephrasing child's utterances into a different type.
Hybrid Approaches
- Combine elements of clinician-directed and child-centered approaches.
- Target specific language goals by providing controlled stimuli and responding to the child's communication.
- Examples of hybrid approaches:
- Focused Stimulation: arranging contexts with stimuli to tempt the child to produce target forms.
- Vertical Structuring: a form of expansion used to highlight target structures.
- Milieu Communication Training: applies operant principles to semi-naturalistic settings (environmental arrangement, responsive interaction, conversation-based contexts).
- Script Therapy: developing routines or scripts with the child.
Prevention of Language Disorders in Children
-
Levels of Prevention:
- Primary: Avoid the disorder entirely.
- Secondary: Identify and intervene early.
- Tertiary: Provide rehabilitation.
Primary Prevention
- Reduces the incidence of communication disorders.
- Includes:
- Wellness Promotion: promoting healthy communication development.
- Advocacy of Public Policy: promoting policies that support communication wellness.
- Research: identifying risk factors for communication disorders.
Secondary and Tertiary Prevention
-
Secondary Prevention: Early identification and intervention.
- Newborn Hearing Screening
- Community Screening (e.g., kindergarten screening).
-
Tertiary Prevention: Rehabilitation to reduce disability.
- The most common level engaged by SLPs.
Conclusion
- Language intervention program planning and evaluation involves a series of decisions.
- SLPs need to consider general outcomes, specific goals and objectives.
- Effective plans involve selecting appropriate stimuli, reinforcement, context, and timing to achieve optimal outcomes.
- Long-term goals (LTG) are broken down into short-term goals (STG) and objectives.
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Description
This quiz explores the essential components of intervention planning in clinical settings, focusing on the purpose of intervention and how to develop effective intervention plans. It highlights the importance of evidence-based practice (EBP) and the use of PICO elements to guide clinical decision-making.