Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a cause of increased intra-abdominal fluid volume?
Which of the following is NOT a cause of increased intra-abdominal fluid volume?
- Ascites
- Ovarian cyst
- Peritoneal fluid
- Bowel obstruction (correct)
What is a clinical approach to determine if fluid is present in the abdomen?
What is a clinical approach to determine if fluid is present in the abdomen?
- Diuretics test
- Blood count
- Liver function test
- Fluid wave test (correct)
Which condition is NOT a cause of ascites?
Which condition is NOT a cause of ascites?
- Hypoalbuminemia
- Right-sided heart failure
- Cirrhosis
- Pancreatic mass (correct)
Which physical examination finding involves a percussive technique from the umbilicus toward the flanks?
Which physical examination finding involves a percussive technique from the umbilicus toward the flanks?
What is the initial treatment approach in managing abdominal distention?
What is the initial treatment approach in managing abdominal distention?
Which of the following is NOT a part of the clinical approach to abdominal distention investigation?
Which of the following is NOT a part of the clinical approach to abdominal distention investigation?
What is a common symptom of abdominal distention that a patient may report in their history?
What is a common symptom of abdominal distention that a patient may report in their history?
Which of the following is NOT typically detected during the physical examination of a patient with abdominal distention?
Which of the following is NOT typically detected during the physical examination of a patient with abdominal distention?
Which structural characteristic of healthcare systems is directly related to how services are delivered?
Which structural characteristic of healthcare systems is directly related to how services are delivered?
What aspect of professional training and education involves interprofessional simulation experiences?
What aspect of professional training and education involves interprofessional simulation experiences?
Which factor under individual and interpersonal factors involves the values of the profession?
Which factor under individual and interpersonal factors involves the values of the profession?
Which component of effective interprofessional communication involves understanding and valuing each other's contributions?
Which component of effective interprofessional communication involves understanding and valuing each other's contributions?
Which is a factor associated with community context & population characteristics?
Which is a factor associated with community context & population characteristics?
Which factor is an obstacle to interprofessionalism?
Which factor is an obstacle to interprofessionalism?
What underlying factor of interprofessionalism focuses on making improvements to healthcare delivery and patient outcomes?
What underlying factor of interprofessionalism focuses on making improvements to healthcare delivery and patient outcomes?
Which factor within individual & interpersonal factors deals with active participation in the patient's care?
Which factor within individual & interpersonal factors deals with active participation in the patient's care?
Which characteristic is included under the organizational structure of care and involves using electronic systems?
Which characteristic is included under the organizational structure of care and involves using electronic systems?
Which is an element of commitment to a culture of safety in interprofessionalism?
Which is an element of commitment to a culture of safety in interprofessionalism?
What is one characteristic that differentiates bacteria from viruses?
What is one characteristic that differentiates bacteria from viruses?
What is a common immune response to a fungal infection?
What is a common immune response to a fungal infection?
How do viruses primarily infect host cells?
How do viruses primarily infect host cells?
Which type of pathogen's infection is typically treated with antibiotics?
Which type of pathogen's infection is typically treated with antibiotics?
In a viral infection, what component of the immune system is primarily responsible for identifying and destroying infected cells?
In a viral infection, what component of the immune system is primarily responsible for identifying and destroying infected cells?
Which of the following is a physical factor impacting the environment?
Which of the following is a physical factor impacting the environment?
What is a social effect of environmental issues?
What is a social effect of environmental issues?
Which strategy involves planting different crops together?
Which strategy involves planting different crops together?
What is the main purpose of no-till farming?
What is the main purpose of no-till farming?
Where are chromosomes found within a cell?
Where are chromosomes found within a cell?
Which adaptive strategy uses technology to manage crops more efficiently?
Which adaptive strategy uses technology to manage crops more efficiently?
How many chromosomes are present in each human gamete?
How many chromosomes are present in each human gamete?
What is an advantage of genetic engineering in agriculture?
What is an advantage of genetic engineering in agriculture?
During which phase of the cell cycle are chromosomes duplicated?
During which phase of the cell cycle are chromosomes duplicated?
What does crop rotation help maintain?
What does crop rotation help maintain?
Which of these factors could lead to species extinction?
Which of these factors could lead to species extinction?
What is the primary component of chromosomes?
What is the primary component of chromosomes?
Which strategy involves combining different conservation practices?
Which strategy involves combining different conservation practices?
Which shape do chromosomes take when a cell is dividing?
Which shape do chromosomes take when a cell is dividing?
What is the term for the two copies of a chromosome that are produced during the S phase?
What is the term for the two copies of a chromosome that are produced during the S phase?
What is an effect of water conservation using drip irrigation?
What is an effect of water conservation using drip irrigation?
How does mitosis differ from meiosis?
How does mitosis differ from meiosis?
What does a karyotype show?
What does a karyotype show?
What is the role of histones in a chromosome?
What is the role of histones in a chromosome?
In what form are chromosomes during the non-dividing phase of a cell?
In what form are chromosomes during the non-dividing phase of a cell?
Which of the following is NOT a topic listed under the Green list?
Which of the following is NOT a topic listed under the Green list?
What is one of the key themes associated with the Red list?
What is one of the key themes associated with the Red list?
Which of these is a central theme in the Blue list?
Which of these is a central theme in the Blue list?
The concept of advertising is an item in which list?
The concept of advertising is an item in which list?
Which list contains topics related to the product life cycle?
Which list contains topics related to the product life cycle?
Determining the effectiveness of marketing strategies to increase sales is a point under which list?
Determining the effectiveness of marketing strategies to increase sales is a point under which list?
What type of concept is described under the Green list?
What type of concept is described under the Green list?
Which list discusses the role of ethics and regulations in marketing?
Which list discusses the role of ethics and regulations in marketing?
Which type of cell does Escherichia coli (E. coli) belong to?
Which type of cell does Escherichia coli (E. coli) belong to?
Which characteristic is unique to eukaryotic cells?
Which characteristic is unique to eukaryotic cells?
Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells?
Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells?
Which of the following cells can be found in highly saline environments?
Which of the following cells can be found in highly saline environments?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?
What major structural feature do animal cells lack compared to plant cells?
What major structural feature do animal cells lack compared to plant cells?
Which type of DNA organization is found in eukaryotic cells?
Which type of DNA organization is found in eukaryotic cells?
Which of the following is an example of a prokaryotic organism?
Which of the following is an example of a prokaryotic organism?
Which cell type can be either unicellular or multicellular?
Which cell type can be either unicellular or multicellular?
What is a key feature of plant cells that aids in storing water, nutrients, and waste products?
What is a key feature of plant cells that aids in storing water, nutrients, and waste products?
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Study Notes
Interprofessionalism in Healthcare
- Structural Characteristics of Healthcare Systems
- Organizational Structure of Care
- Teamwork (multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary/transdisciplinary)
- Leadership (leadership style, organizational culture)
- Formal Systems of Care (workflow, information systems, electronic health records, data management)
- Financial Incentives
- Physical Environment of Care (space allocation, technology)
- Professional Training and Education
- Curriculum and Pedagogy
- Clinical Experiences (interprofessional simulation experiences)
- Assessment
- Legislation and Regulation
- Scope of Practice
- Interprofessional Collaboration Mandates
- Interprofessional Education Standards
- Organizational Structure of Care
Individual & Interpersonal Factors
- Professional Identity
- Role Perception
- Professional Culture
- Professional Values
- Professional Competency (clinical skills, communication skills, teamwork skills)
- Interprofessional Communication
- Effective Communication
- Shared Understanding
- Respect
- Trust
- Active Listening
- Conflict Resolution
Community Context & Population Characteristics
- Patient Needs and Preferences
- Community Characteristics
- Social Determinants of Health
- Access to Health Services
- Health Disparities
Underlying Factors of Interprofessionalism
- Recognition of the Value of Interprofessional Collaboration
- Shared Commitment to Patient-Centered Care
- Patient-Centeredness (patient engagement in care)
- Quality Improvement (QI) Initiatives
- Evidence-Based Decision Making
- Commitment to a Culture of Safety
- Transparency
- Accountability
- Open Communication
- Trust
Obstacles to Interprofessionalism
- Professional Silos
- Lack of Common Language
- Fear of Relinquishing Control
- Power Dynamics
- Lack of Effective Leadership
- Lack of Incentives
- Limited Opportunities for Interprofessional Collaboration
- Insufficient Training and Education
- Cultural Differences
Abdominal Distention
- Causes of Abdominal Distention
- Increased Intra-Abdominal Fluid Volume
- Ascites
- Ovarian Cyst
- Peritoneal Fluid
- Bowel Obstruction
- Increased Intra-Abdominal Air Volume
- Paralytic Ileus
- Bowel Obstruction
- Increased Intra-Abdominal Solid Content
- Enlarged Liver
- Enlarged Spleen
- Ovarian Mass
- Uterine Fibroids
- Pancreatic Mass
- Bowel Obstruction
- Decreased Intra-Abdominal Space
- Pregnancy
- Obesity
- Increased Intra-Abdominal Fluid Volume
- Causes of Ascites
- Liver Disease
- Alcoholic Liver Disease
- Cirrhosis
- Hepatic Vein Obstruction
- Cardiac Disease
- Right-Sided Heart Failure
- Malignancy
- Peritoneal Infection
- Nephrotic Syndrome
- Hypoalbuminemia
- Liver Disease
- Clinical Approach to Abdominal Distention
- History
- Weight Loss
- Abdominal Pain
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Bowel Habit Changes
- Physical Examination
- Abdominal Distention
- Tenderness
- Masses
- Shifting Dullness
- Fluid Wave
- Investigations
- Abdominal Ultrasound
- Computed Tomography (CT) Scan
- Liver Function Tests
- Blood Counts
- Pregnancy Test
- History
Chromosomes
- Structure of Chromosomes
- Found in a cell's nucleus
- Made up of a molecule of DNA
- Shape depends on whether the cell is dividing or not
- Number of Chromosomes in Humans
- 46 in each cell
- 23 in each gamete (sperm or egg)
- Components of Chromosomes
- DNA
- Protein (histones)
- What Happens to Chromosomes during the Cell Cycle
- Duplicated during the S phase of interphase
- Two copies of each chromosome (sister chromatids)
- Separated during mitosis and meiosis
- Difference between Mitosis and Meiosis
- Mitosis: cell reproduction
- Meiosis: production of gametes
- Importance of Chromosomes
- Carry genetic information
- Determine physical characteristics
- Susceptibility to various diseases
Concept Map
- Factors
- Physical
- Natural Disasters
- Climate Change
- Pollution
- Resource Depletion
- Land Degradation
- Species Extinction
- Population Growth
- Urbanisation
- Socioeconomic
- Poverty
- Inequality
- Conflict
- Migration
- Lack of Education
- Lack of Healthcare
- Lack of Infrastructure
- Physical
- Effects
- Environmental
- Climate Change
- Pollution
- Biodiversity Loss
- Land Degradation
- Resource Depletion
- Economic
- Reduced Productivity
- Increased Costs
- Job Losses
- Reduced Economic Growth
- Social
- Increased Poverty
- Social Unrest
- Migration
- Health Problems
- Political
- Instability
- Conflict
- State Failure
- Environmental
Adaptive Strategies of Food
- Genetic Engineering
- Altering the genetic makeup of crops to make them more resistant to pests, diseases, and harsh environmental conditions
- Advantages: increased crop yields, reduced reliance on pesticides and herbicides
- Intercropping
- Growing different crops in close proximity, creating a more diverse and resilient ecosystem
- Advantages: improved soil fertility, reduced pest and disease pressure, increased biodiversity
- Crop Rotation
- Planting different crops each year to help maintain soil fertility and break the life cycles of pests and diseases
- Advantages: improved soil fertility, reduced pest and disease pressure
- No-Till Farming
- Leaving crop residue on the surface of the soil after harvest
- Advantages: improved soil health, reduced erosion and greenhouse gas emissions
- Conservation Agriculture
- Combining different conservation practices to improve soil health and reduce environmental impact
- Advantages: improved soil health, reduced erosion and greenhouse gas emissions, increased crop yields
- Water Conservation
- Using irrigation systems that deliver water directly to the roots of plants, reducing water waste and evaporation
- Advantages: reduced water use, improved water efficiency
- Climate-Smart Agriculture
- Adopting practices that mitigate climate change and build resilience to its impacts
- Advantages: increased resilience to climate change, reduced greenhouse gas emissions
- Urban Farming
- Producing food in urban areas to reduce reliance on long-distance transportation and support local food systems
- Advantages: increased food security, reduced food miles, strengthened local communities
- Precision Agriculture
- Using technology to optimize crop management
- Advantages: increased crop yields, reduced input costs, improved environmental sustainability
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