Interprofessionalism in Healthcare

61 Questions

Which of the following is NOT a cause of increased intra-abdominal fluid volume?

Bowel obstruction

What is a clinical approach to determine if fluid is present in the abdomen?

Fluid wave test

Which condition is NOT a cause of ascites?

Pancreatic mass

Which physical examination finding involves a percussive technique from the umbilicus toward the flanks?

Shifting dullness

What is the initial treatment approach in managing abdominal distention?

Treat the underlying cause

Which of the following is NOT a part of the clinical approach to abdominal distention investigation?

Diet and exercise

What is a common symptom of abdominal distention that a patient may report in their history?

Weight loss

Which of the following is NOT typically detected during the physical examination of a patient with abdominal distention?

Blood counts

Which structural characteristic of healthcare systems is directly related to how services are delivered?

Organizational structure of care

What aspect of professional training and education involves interprofessional simulation experiences?

Clinical experiences

Which factor under individual and interpersonal factors involves the values of the profession?

Professional culture

Which component of effective interprofessional communication involves understanding and valuing each other's contributions?

Shared understanding

Which is a factor associated with community context & population characteristics?

Access to health services

Which factor is an obstacle to interprofessionalism?

Lack of common language

What underlying factor of interprofessionalism focuses on making improvements to healthcare delivery and patient outcomes?

Quality improvement initiatives

Which factor within individual & interpersonal factors deals with active participation in the patient's care?

Role perception

Which characteristic is included under the organizational structure of care and involves using electronic systems?

Information Systems

Which is an element of commitment to a culture of safety in interprofessionalism?

Transparency

What is one characteristic that differentiates bacteria from viruses?

Bacteria can replicate on their own while viruses need a host

What is a common immune response to a fungal infection?

Activation of T-cells specific to fungi

How do viruses primarily infect host cells?

By hijacking the host's cellular machinery to reproduce

Which type of pathogen's infection is typically treated with antibiotics?

Bacterial

In a viral infection, what component of the immune system is primarily responsible for identifying and destroying infected cells?

T lymphocytes

Which of the following is a physical factor impacting the environment?

Urbanisation

What is a social effect of environmental issues?

Social unrest

Which strategy involves planting different crops together?

Intercropping

What is the main purpose of no-till farming?

Avoid soil disturbance

Where are chromosomes found within a cell?

Nucleus

Which adaptive strategy uses technology to manage crops more efficiently?

Precision Agriculture

How many chromosomes are present in each human gamete?

What is an advantage of genetic engineering in agriculture?

Increased crop yields

During which phase of the cell cycle are chromosomes duplicated?

S phase

What does crop rotation help maintain?

Soil fertility

Which of these factors could lead to species extinction?

Resource depletion

What is the primary component of chromosomes?

DNA

Which strategy involves combining different conservation practices?

Conservation Agriculture

Which shape do chromosomes take when a cell is dividing?

X shape

What is the term for the two copies of a chromosome that are produced during the S phase?

Sister chromatids

What is an effect of water conservation using drip irrigation?

Reduced water use

How does mitosis differ from meiosis?

Mitosis involves one division, meiosis involves two divisions

What does a karyotype show?

Picture of a person's chromosomes

What is the role of histones in a chromosome?

They help wind and organize DNA

In what form are chromosomes during the non-dividing phase of a cell?

Less tightly organized in the nucleus

Which of the following is NOT a topic listed under the Green list?

Evaluate the efficiency of marketing programs

What is one of the key themes associated with the Red list?

The customer is king

Which of these is a central theme in the Blue list?

The relationship between market research and sales

The concept of advertising is an item in which list?

Green list

Which list contains topics related to the product life cycle?

Red list

Determining the effectiveness of marketing strategies to increase sales is a point under which list?

Blue list

What type of concept is described under the Green list?

Promotion

Which list discusses the role of ethics and regulations in marketing?

Blue list

Which type of cell does Escherichia coli (E. coli) belong to?

Prokaryotic

Which characteristic is unique to eukaryotic cells?

Presence of a nucleus

Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells?

Chloroplasts

Which of the following cells can be found in highly saline environments?

Halophiles

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?

Presence of many organelles

What major structural feature do animal cells lack compared to plant cells?

Cell wall

Which type of DNA organization is found in eukaryotic cells?

Linear

Which of the following is an example of a prokaryotic organism?

Salmonella

Which cell type can be either unicellular or multicellular?

Eukaryotic

What is a key feature of plant cells that aids in storing water, nutrients, and waste products?

Large central vacuole

Study Notes

Interprofessionalism in Healthcare

Structural Characteristics of Healthcare Systems
- Organizational Structure of Care
  - Teamwork (multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary/transdisciplinary)
  - Leadership (leadership style, organizational culture)
  - Formal Systems of Care (workflow, information systems, electronic health records, data management)
  - Financial Incentives
  - Physical Environment of Care (space allocation, technology)
- Professional Training and Education
  - Curriculum and Pedagogy
  - Clinical Experiences (interprofessional simulation experiences)
  - Assessment
- Legislation and Regulation
  - Scope of Practice
  - Interprofessional Collaboration Mandates
  - Interprofessional Education Standards

Individual & Interpersonal Factors

Professional Identity
- Role Perception
- Professional Culture
- Professional Values
- Professional Competency (clinical skills, communication skills, teamwork skills)
Interprofessional Communication
- Effective Communication
- Shared Understanding
- Respect
- Trust
- Active Listening
- Conflict Resolution

Community Context & Population Characteristics

Patient Needs and Preferences
Community Characteristics
Social Determinants of Health
Access to Health Services
- Health Disparities

Underlying Factors of Interprofessionalism

Recognition of the Value of Interprofessional Collaboration
Shared Commitment to Patient-Centered Care
- Patient-Centeredness (patient engagement in care)
- Quality Improvement (QI) Initiatives
- Evidence-Based Decision Making
Commitment to a Culture of Safety
- Transparency
- Accountability
- Open Communication
- Trust

Obstacles to Interprofessionalism

Professional Silos
Lack of Common Language
Fear of Relinquishing Control
Power Dynamics
Lack of Effective Leadership
Lack of Incentives
Limited Opportunities for Interprofessional Collaboration
Insufficient Training and Education
Cultural Differences

Abdominal Distention

Causes of Abdominal Distention
- Increased Intra-Abdominal Fluid Volume
  - Ascites
  - Ovarian Cyst
  - Peritoneal Fluid
  - Bowel Obstruction
- Increased Intra-Abdominal Air Volume
  - Paralytic Ileus
  - Bowel Obstruction
- Increased Intra-Abdominal Solid Content
  - Enlarged Liver
  - Enlarged Spleen
  - Ovarian Mass
  - Uterine Fibroids
  - Pancreatic Mass
  - Bowel Obstruction
- Decreased Intra-Abdominal Space
  - Pregnancy
  - Obesity
Causes of Ascites
- Liver Disease
  - Alcoholic Liver Disease
  - Cirrhosis
  - Hepatic Vein Obstruction
- Cardiac Disease
  - Right-Sided Heart Failure
- Malignancy
- Peritoneal Infection
- Nephrotic Syndrome
- Hypoalbuminemia
Clinical Approach to Abdominal Distention
- History
  - Weight Loss
  - Abdominal Pain
  - Nausea and Vomiting
  - Bowel Habit Changes
- Physical Examination
  - Abdominal Distention
  - Tenderness
  - Masses
  - Shifting Dullness
  - Fluid Wave
- Investigations
  - Abdominal Ultrasound
  - Computed Tomography (CT) Scan
  - Liver Function Tests
  - Blood Counts
  - Pregnancy Test

Chromosomes

Structure of Chromosomes
- Found in a cell's nucleus
- Made up of a molecule of DNA
- Shape depends on whether the cell is dividing or not
Number of Chromosomes in Humans
- 46 in each cell
- 23 in each gamete (sperm or egg)
Components of Chromosomes
- DNA
- Protein (histones)
What Happens to Chromosomes during the Cell Cycle
- Duplicated during the S phase of interphase
- Two copies of each chromosome (sister chromatids)
- Separated during mitosis and meiosis
Difference between Mitosis and Meiosis
- Mitosis: cell reproduction
- Meiosis: production of gametes
Importance of Chromosomes
- Carry genetic information
- Determine physical characteristics
- Susceptibility to various diseases

Concept Map

Factors
- Physical
  - Natural Disasters
  - Climate Change
  - Pollution
  - Resource Depletion
  - Land Degradation
  - Species Extinction
  - Population Growth
  - Urbanisation
- Socioeconomic
  - Poverty
  - Inequality
  - Conflict
  - Migration
  - Lack of Education
  - Lack of Healthcare
  - Lack of Infrastructure
Effects
- Environmental
  - Climate Change
  - Pollution
  - Biodiversity Loss
  - Land Degradation
  - Resource Depletion
- Economic
  - Reduced Productivity
  - Increased Costs
  - Job Losses
  - Reduced Economic Growth
- Social
  - Increased Poverty
  - Social Unrest
  - Migration
  - Health Problems
- Political
  - Instability
  - Conflict
  - State Failure

Adaptive Strategies of Food

Genetic Engineering
- Altering the genetic makeup of crops to make them more resistant to pests, diseases, and harsh environmental conditions
- Advantages: increased crop yields, reduced reliance on pesticides and herbicides
Intercropping
- Growing different crops in close proximity, creating a more diverse and resilient ecosystem
- Advantages: improved soil fertility, reduced pest and disease pressure, increased biodiversity
Crop Rotation
- Planting different crops each year to help maintain soil fertility and break the life cycles of pests and diseases
- Advantages: improved soil fertility, reduced pest and disease pressure
No-Till Farming
- Leaving crop residue on the surface of the soil after harvest
- Advantages: improved soil health, reduced erosion and greenhouse gas emissions
Conservation Agriculture
- Combining different conservation practices to improve soil health and reduce environmental impact
- Advantages: improved soil health, reduced erosion and greenhouse gas emissions, increased crop yields
Water Conservation
- Using irrigation systems that deliver water directly to the roots of plants, reducing water waste and evaporation
- Advantages: reduced water use, improved water efficiency
Climate-Smart Agriculture
- Adopting practices that mitigate climate change and build resilience to its impacts
- Advantages: increased resilience to climate change, reduced greenhouse gas emissions
Urban Farming
- Producing food in urban areas to reduce reliance on long-distance transportation and support local food systems
- Advantages: increased food security, reduced food miles, strengthened local communities
Precision Agriculture
- Using technology to optimize crop management
- Advantages: increased crop yields, reduced input costs, improved environmental sustainability

Analyze the factors associated with the growth of interprofessionalism in healthcare, including structural characteristics, organizational structure, teamwork, and leadership styles. Understand the impact of these elements on the delivery of care.

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